Prophylaxis against hypocalcemia in low-birth-weight infants requiring bicarbonate infusion.

Forty-eight low-birth-weight infants with varying degrees of respiratory distress were studied with respect to serum calcium concentration and urinary calcium excretion. Serum calcium decreased over the 24-hour study period in infants who did not receive calcium infusion. The decrease was greater in those receiving bicarbonate therapy for acidosis. Continuous calcium infusion at 1 mg/kg/hr sustained relatively normal serum calcium concentration, even in those infants who required bicarbonate. Since the changes in estimated extracellular calcium could not be accounted for by urinary excretion, a shift of calcium into bone was postulated.