通过乌蔹莓叶的生物活性成分控制人类丝虫病媒介致倦库蚊（库蚊属，致倦库蚊，1823年，赛伊命名）（双翅目：蚊科）
Control of human filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) through bioactive fraction of Cayratia trifolia leaf.
作者信息
Chakraborty Sumanta, Singha Someshwar, Bhattacharya Kuntal, Chandra Goutam
机构信息
Mosquito and Microbiology Research Units, Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India.
出版信息
Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 Dec;3(12):980-4. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60189-6.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the mosquito larvicidal activity of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (Vitaceae: Vitales) (C. trifolia) which is distributed in many parts of India with medicinal properties as vector control is facing threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides.
METHODS
Young and mature leaves of C. trifolia were investigated for larvicidal activity against 3rd instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus in different seasons throughout the year. The active fractions were extracted using six different solvents in a non-polar to polar fashion viz petroleum-ether, benzene, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), acetone, absolute alcohol and distilled water. Dose dependent mortality was recorded against each solvent extract. Determination of LD50 and LD90 were executed through log-probit analysis using the most bioactive fraction. The fluctuations in mortality were statistically co-related through ANOVA analyses concerning different seasons and types of leaves as random variables. Justification of larvicidal activity was established through student's t-test. Costing effects were evaluated on the non-target water fauna under laboratory conditions. Thin layer chromatographic techniques were performed for phytochemical analysis and categorization of chemical personality of the active fractions using the most effective solvent extract following standard methods.
RESULTS
Significant variations in mortality rate were noted with respect to the type of leaves (mature and senescence), concentration of leaf extract and between seasons. The water extract among all the solvent extracts was found to induce cent percent mortality at 50 mg/L in test mosquito species within 24 h with a LD50 and LD90 value of 10.70 mg/L and 27.64 mg/L respectively. No significant mortality was recorded in non-target water population. Chromatographic analyses of the water extract revealed the presence of steroids, triterpene glycosides, essential oil, phenolics and diterpenes as secondary phytochemicals.
CONCLUSIONS
Water extract of C. trifolia leaf promised as a cost effective and potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus.
目的
三裂叶崖爬藤（葡萄科：葡萄目）分布于印度许多地区，具有药用特性，由于合成杀虫剂产生抗性，病媒控制面临威胁，故研究其杀蚊幼虫活性。
方法
研究了三裂叶崖爬藤的幼叶和成熟叶在全年不同季节对致倦库蚊三龄幼虫的杀幼虫活性。使用六种不同溶剂以非极性到极性的方式提取活性成分，即石油醚、苯、氯仿：甲醇（1:1 v/v）、丙酮、无水乙醇和蒸馏水。记录每种溶剂提取物的剂量依赖性死亡率。使用生物活性最强的馏分通过对数概率分析确定LD50和LD90。通过将不同季节和叶片类型作为随机变量的方差分析，对死亡率的波动进行统计相关性分析。通过学生t检验确定杀幼虫活性的合理性。在实验室条件下评估对非目标水生动物的成本效益影响。采用标准方法，使用最有效的溶剂提取物，通过薄层色谱技术对活性成分进行植物化学分析和化学特性分类。
结果
观察到死亡率在叶片类型（成熟和衰老）、叶提取物浓度以及季节之间存在显著差异。在所有溶剂提取物中，水提取物在24小时内对测试蚊种在50 mg/L时可导致100%死亡率，LD50和LD90值分别为10.70 mg/L和27.64 mg/L。在非目标水生物种群中未记录到显著死亡率。水提取物的色谱分析表明存在类固醇、三萜糖苷、精油、酚类和二萜类作为次生植物化学物质。
结论
三裂叶崖爬藤叶的水提取物有望成为一种经济高效且有效的致倦库蚊杀幼虫剂。
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