Department of Zoology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, Burdwan, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2012 May;135(5):581-98.
Mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya ferver, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile Virus infection, etc. Under the Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain and adverse effects on environmental quality and non target organisms including human health. Application of active toxic agents from plant extracts as an alternative mosquito control strategy was available from ancient times. These are non-toxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and mosquitocidal activity, their mechanism of action on target population, variation of their larvicidal activity according to mosquito species, instar specificity, polarity of solvents used during extraction, nature of active ingredient and promising advances made in biological control of mosquitoes by plant derived secondary metabolites have been reviewed.
蚊子是大多数威胁生命的疾病（如疟疾、黄热病、登革热、基孔肯雅热、血丝虫病、脑炎、西尼罗河病毒感染等）的传播媒介。在综合蚊虫管理（IMM）下，重点是在蚊虫控制中应用替代策略。持续使用合成杀虫剂会导致病媒物种产生抗药性、通过食物链生物放大有毒物质，以及对环境质量和非目标生物（包括人类健康）产生不利影响。从古代开始，就已经有从植物提取物中应用活性有毒物质作为替代蚊虫控制策略的方法。这些方法无毒、价格便宜、可生物降解，并对不同种类的媒介蚊子表现出广谱的靶向特异性活性。本文综述了植物源次生代谢产物的化学生源和杀蚊活性、对靶种群的作用机制、根据蚊种变化的幼虫活性、龄期特异性、提取过程中溶剂极性、活性成分的性质以及在利用植物次生代谢产物进行蚊虫生物防治方面取得的有希望的进展。
