Mancia G, Grassi G, Ferrari A, Zanchetti A
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1985;7 Suppl 3:S152-9. doi: 10.1097/00005344-198500073-00018.
Although studies of the cardiovascular control exerted by arterial baroreceptors in man are limited by technical and ethical problems, the variable-pressure neck-chamber technique has provided a considerable amount of information about this topic. This paper focuses on the carotid baroreceptor reflex as evaluated by studies using the neck-chamber technique and examines this control in a number of physiological and pathophysiological states. The results of these studies suggest that in normotensive subjects the set-point of the reflex is located eccentrically toward its saturation, which makes this homeostatic mechanism more effective in counteracting a blood-pressure fall than a blood-pressure rise. They also suggest that the concept of an impairment of the arterial baroreflex in aging, exercise, and hypertension, though valid for the baroreceptor control of heart rate, is no longer tenable for the baroreceptor control of arterial pressure. The paper also reviews in humans the effects of arterial baroreceptors on regional circulations and on the excretion of humoral substances such as renin, and compares them with those of the cardiopulmonary receptors. It is suggested that the latter predominate over the former in the reflex modulation of plasma-renin activity, and that this is part of a homeostatic mechanism for blood-volume control.
尽管关于人体动脉压力感受器对心血管控制的研究受到技术和伦理问题的限制，但可变压力颈部腔室技术已经提供了大量关于这一主题的信息。本文聚焦于使用颈部腔室技术的研究所评估的颈动脉压力感受器反射，并在多种生理和病理生理状态下研究这种控制。这些研究结果表明，在血压正常的受试者中，反射的设定点偏向其饱和点，这使得这种稳态机制在抵消血压下降方面比血压上升更有效。研究结果还表明，尽管动脉压力反射受损的概念在衰老、运动和高血压中对心率的压力感受器控制是有效的，但对动脉血压的压力感受器控制而言已不再成立。本文还综述了人体中动脉压力感受器对局部循环以及对肾素等体液物质排泄的影响，并将其与心肺感受器的影响进行比较。结果表明，在血浆肾素活性的反射调节中，后者比前者更具主导作用，并且这是血容量控制稳态机制的一部分。
