Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Mar;133(3):767-76.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.048. Epub 2013 Oct 4.
Evidence on the long-term effects of air pollution exposure on childhood allergy is limited.
We investigated the association between air pollution exposure and allergic sensitization to common allergens in children followed prospectively during the first 10 years of life.
Five European birth cohorts participating in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects project were included: BAMSE (Sweden), LISAplus and GINIplus (Germany), MAAS (Great Britain), and PIAMA (The Netherlands). Land-use regression models were applied to assess the individual residential outdoor levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), the mass concentration of particles between 2.5 and 10 μm in size, and levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), as well as measurement of the blackness of PM2.5 filters and nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxide levels. Blood samples drawn at 4 to 6 years of age, 8 to 10 years of age, or both from more than 6500 children were analyzed for allergen-specific serum IgE against common allergens. Associations were assessed by using multiple logistic regression and subsequent meta-analysis.
The prevalence of sensitization to any common allergen within the 5 cohorts ranged between 24.1% and 40.4% at the age of 4 to 6 years and between 34.8% and 47.9% at the age of 8 to 10 years. Overall, air pollution exposure was not associated with sensitization to any common allergen, with odds ratios ranging from 0.94 (95% CI, 0.63-1.40) for a 1 × 10(-5) ∙ m(-1) increase in measurement of the blackness of PM2.5 filters to 1.26 (95% CI, 0.90-1.77) for a 5 μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 exposure at birth address. Further analyses did not provide consistent evidence for a modification of the air pollution effects by sex, family history of atopy, or moving status.
No clear associations between air pollution exposure and development of allergic sensitization in children up to 10 years of age were revealed.
有关空气污染暴露对儿童过敏的长期影响的证据有限。
我们前瞻性地研究了儿童在生命的头 10 年中暴露于空气污染与常见过敏原过敏的关系。
我们纳入了参与欧洲空气污染效应研究队列项目的 5 个欧洲出生队列：BAMSE（瑞典）、LISAplus 和 GINIplus（德国）、MAAS（英国）和 PIAMA（荷兰）。应用基于土地利用的回归模型来评估个体的室外水平，包括小于 2.5 μm 的颗粒物（PM2.5）、2.5 至 10 μm 之间的颗粒质量浓度以及小于 10 μm 的颗粒物（PM10），以及 PM2.5 过滤器的黑度和二氧化氮及氮氧化物的水平。对 6500 多名儿童在 4 至 6 岁、8 至 10 岁或两个年龄段抽取的血液样本进行了分析，以检测针对常见过敏原的特异性血清 IgE。通过使用多变量逻辑回归和随后的荟萃分析来评估相关性。
在这 5 个队列中，4 至 6 岁时任何常见过敏原致敏的患病率在 24.1%至 40.4%之间，8 至 10 岁时在 34.8%至 47.9%之间。总体而言，空气污染暴露与任何常见过敏原致敏均无关联，比值比的范围从 PM2.5 过滤器黑度每增加 1×10(-5)·m(-1)，比值为 0.94（95%CI，0.63-1.40），到出生住址 PM2.5 暴露每增加 5μg/m(3)，比值为 1.26（95%CI，0.90-1.77）。进一步的分析没有提供一致的证据表明空气污染效应会因性别、特应性家族史或迁移状况而发生变化。
在 10 岁以下的儿童中，没有发现空气污染暴露与过敏致敏发展之间存在明显的关联。
