Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Dec 12;150(3):886-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.037. Epub 2013 Oct 1.
The leaves of Clausena anisata are used traditionally to expel maggots from wounds of animals in Zimbabwe. We have previously proved in the laboratory that the plant certainly affects the behaviour and growth of blowfly larvae. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the active compounds responsible for this activity.
The acetone extract of Clausena anisata leaf powder was separated by solvent-solvent partition into five fractions. The n-hexane fraction was the most active in the larvicidal assay and therefore subjected to open column chromatography on silica gel.
The isolated compound was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) as the pyranocoumarin, seselin, chemically known as 2',2'-dimethylpyranocoumarin. It inhibited feed intake in the first and second instars of blowfly larvae at the minimum concentration tested of 1 ppm resulting in significant lower mass pupae (13.5±0.5 mg and 22.4±0.4 mg for the first and second instar larvae respectively) compared to the solvent control group (26.19±0.8 mg) (p<0.05).
This is the first report of the isolation of seselin from the leaves of Clausena anisata and the first report of the compound having an effect against blowfly larvae.
在津巴布韦，鸡骨常山的叶子被传统上用于从动物伤口中驱除蛆虫。我们之前在实验室中已经证明，该植物确实会影响苍蝇幼虫的行为和生长。本研究的目的是分离并鉴定负责这种活性的活性化合物。
鸡骨常山叶粉的丙酮提取物通过溶剂-溶剂分配法分离成五个部分。正己烷部分在幼虫致死测定中最活跃，因此在硅胶上进行开放柱色谱分离。
通过核磁共振（NMR）和质谱（MS）鉴定分离出的化合物为吡喃香豆素，Seselin，化学上称为 2'，2'-二甲基吡喃香豆素。它以测试的最低浓度 1ppm 抑制了蝇幼虫的第一和第二期幼虫的摄食，导致蛹的质量显著降低（第一和第二期幼虫分别为 13.5±0.5mg 和 22.4±0.4mg）与溶剂对照组（26.19±0.8mg）相比（p<0.05）。
这是从鸡骨常山叶中分离出 Seselin 的首次报道，也是该化合物对蝇幼虫具有作用的首次报道。
