From the School of Medicine (T.L.S.), University of Washington; Washington State Army National Guard (T.L.S.), 81st Heavy Brigade Combat Team, Seattle, WA; and Uniformed Service University of Health Sciences (S.D.), Bethesda, MD.
Simul Healthc. 2013 Dec;8(6):388-97. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e31829ac85c.
Postsimulation debriefing is a critical component of effective learning in simulation-based health care education. Numerous formats in which to conduct the debriefing have been proposed. In this report, we describe the adaptation the US Army's After-Action Review (AAR) debriefing format for postsimulation debriefing in health care. The Army's AAR format is based on sound educational theory and has been used with great success in the US Army and civilian organizations for decades. Debriefing using the health care simulation AAR process requires planning, preparation, and follow-up. Conducting a postsimulation debriefing using the health care simulation AAR debriefing format includes 7 sequential steps as follows: (1) define the rules of the debriefing, (2) explain the learning objectives of the simulation, (3) benchmark performance, (4) review what was supposed to happen during the simulation, (5) identify what actually happened, (6) examine why events occurred the way they did, and (7) formalize learning by reviewing with the group what went well, what did not go well and what they would do differently if faced with a similar situation in real life. We feel that the use of the health care simulation AAR debriefing format provides a structured and supported method to conduct an effective postsimulation debriefing, with a focus on the learning objectives and reliance on preidentified performance standards.
模拟后讨论是基于模拟的医疗保健教育中有效学习的关键组成部分。已经提出了许多进行讨论的格式。在本报告中，我们描述了将美国陆军的行动后审查（AAR）讨论格式改编为医疗保健模拟后讨论的情况。该军的 AAR 格式基于合理的教育理论，并在过去几十年中在美国陆军和民间组织中取得了巨大成功。使用医疗保健模拟 AAR 流程进行讨论需要计划、准备和跟进。使用医疗保健模拟 AAR 讨论格式进行模拟后讨论包括以下 7 个连续步骤：（1）定义讨论规则，（2）解释模拟的学习目标，（3）进行绩效基准测试，（4）回顾模拟期间应发生的情况，（5）确定实际发生的情况，（6）检查事件为何以他们的方式发生，以及（7）通过与小组一起审查哪些方面做得好、哪些方面做得不好以及如果在现实生活中遇到类似情况他们将采取不同的行动来正式学习。我们认为，使用医疗保健模拟 AAR 讨论格式提供了一种结构化和支持的方法来进行有效的模拟后讨论，重点是学习目标和依赖预先确定的绩效标准。
