Matuszewski Szymon, Szafałowicz Michał, Grzywacz Andrzej
Laboratory of Criminalistics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Św. Marcin 90, 61-809, Poznań, Poland,
Int J Legal Med. 2014 Nov;128(6):1013-20. doi: 10.1007/s00414-013-0921-9. Epub 2013 Oct 6.
Flies are frequently used for postmortem interval (PMI) estimations. These estimates are usually based on the age of larval or pupal specimens. However, the age defines only the minimum PMI. In order to move forensic entomology further, a method useful for the estimation of an interval preceding insect appearance on a corpse called the pre-appearance interval (PAI) is needed. Recently, it was demonstrated that the PAI of several carrion beetles is closely related to the temperature prevailing throughout this interval. Hence, it was postulated to estimate PAI from temperature. In order to check premises for using this approach with flies, a test of the relationship between adult or oviposition PAI and temperature was made for nine species of European flies. Data on PAI originated from pig carcasses decomposing under various temperatures. Adult PAI of Hydrotaea dentipes, Hydrotaea ignava, Hydrotaea similis, Phormia regina, and Stearibia nigriceps and oviposition PAI of S. nigriceps were exponentially related to temperature. Only S. nigriceps revealed a close relationship, demonstrating solid premises for PAI estimation from temperature alone. Adult and oviposition PAI of Calliphora vomitoria and adult PAI of Hydrotaea pilipes were not related to temperature. Adult and oviposition PAI of Lucilia sericata and Lucilia caesar responded similarly, with an abrupt and large increase in a narrow range of low temperatures and no response in a broad range of high temperatures. Probably, different mechanisms form the basis for the response of PAI to temperature in flies colonizing carcasses shortly after death and flies colonizing carcasses later in the decomposition process.
苍蝇经常被用于死后间隔时间（PMI）的估计。这些估计通常基于幼虫或蛹标本的年龄。然而，年龄仅定义了最短的PMI。为了进一步推动法医昆虫学的发展，需要一种用于估计尸体上昆虫出现之前的间隔时间（称为出现前间隔时间，PAI）的方法。最近，有研究表明，几种埋葬甲虫的PAI与整个间隔期间的主导温度密切相关。因此，有人推测可以根据温度来估计PAI。为了检验将这种方法用于苍蝇的前提条件，对9种欧洲苍蝇的成虫或产卵PAI与温度之间的关系进行了测试。PAI的数据来自于在不同温度下分解的猪尸体。齿股黑蝇、怠惰黑蝇、相似黑蝇、丽蝇、黑角亚麻蝇成虫的PAI以及黑角亚麻蝇的产卵PAI与温度呈指数关系。只有黑角亚麻蝇显示出密切的关系，证明仅根据温度估计PAI有可靠的前提条件。反吐丽蝇的成虫和产卵PAI以及毛股黑蝇的成虫PAI与温度无关。丝光绿蝇和红头丽蝇的成虫和产卵PAI反应相似，在狭窄的低温范围内急剧大幅增加，在广泛的高温范围内无反应。可能，不同的机制构成了死后不久在尸体上定殖的苍蝇和在分解过程后期在尸体上定殖的苍蝇的PAI对温度反应的基础。
