Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 30;8(9):e75630. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075630. eCollection 2013.
A limited number of studies have found that soup consumption is related to a lower risk of overweight and obesity in Asian and European populations, however, these studies do not provide a consistent picture regarding the association between soup consumption and markers of metabolic syndrome. To date, no study examining the relationship between soup and body weight or metabolic syndrome have been conducted in the US population. The present study used a sample of 4158 adults aged 19-64 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2003 and 2006. The frequency of soup consumption was determined using a food frequency questionnaire. The weighted prevalence of soup consumption was 94%, with a seasonal variation in the frequency of soup consumption being found. Non-consumers of soup were at a higher risk of being overweight or obese (adjusted odds ratio = 1.381, P = 0.013), with a higher adjusted prevalence of reduced HDL cholesterol (adjusted odds ratio = 1.280, P = 0.045), but there was no association between soup consumption and metabolic syndrome (P = 0.520). The frequency of soup consumption was inversely associated with covariate-adjusted body mass index and waist circumference (P<0.05), but not with biomarkers of metabolic syndrome, except for a lower fasting insulin level in frequent soup consumers (P = 0.022). Results from the present study suggest soup consumption is not associated with metabolic syndrome. However, there is an inverse relationship between soup consumption and body weight status in US adults, which support laboratory studies showing a potential benefit of soup consumption for body weight management.
一些研究发现，亚洲人和欧洲人群的汤摄入量与超重和肥胖的风险降低有关，但这些研究并没有提供关于汤摄入量与代谢综合征标志物之间关联的一致结果。迄今为止，在美国人群中，没有研究检查汤与体重或代谢综合征之间的关系。本研究使用了 2003 年至 2006 年期间参加国家健康和营养检查调查的 4158 名 19-64 岁成年人的样本。使用食物频率问卷确定汤的食用频率。汤的食用频率加权患病率为 94%，发现汤的食用频率存在季节性变化。不喝汤的人超重或肥胖的风险更高（调整后的优势比=1.381，P=0.013），调整后的 HDL 胆固醇降低的调整后患病率也更高（调整后的优势比=1.280，P=0.045），但汤的食用与代谢综合征之间没有关联（P=0.520）。汤的食用频率与协变量调整后的体重指数和腰围呈负相关（P<0.05），但与代谢综合征的生物标志物无关，除了频繁食用汤的人的空腹胰岛素水平较低（P=0.022）。本研究结果表明，汤的食用与代谢综合征无关。然而，在美国成年人中，汤的食用与体重状况之间存在反比关系，这支持了实验室研究表明汤的食用对体重管理可能有益。
