坚果摄入与美国成年人心血管疾病和代谢综合征健康风险因素的降低有关：NHANES 1999-2004。

Nut consumption is associated with decreased health risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults: NHANES 1999-2004.

机构信息

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

出版信息

J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Dec;30(6):502-10. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719996.

DOI:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719996

PMID:22331685

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Few recent epidemiologic studies have assessed the effect that nut consumption (including tree nuts and peanuts) has on health risks, including metabolic syndrome (MetS).

OBJECTIVE

This study compared the health risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and MetS of nut consumers with that of nonconsumers.

DESIGN

Adults 19+ years (n = 13,292) participating in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Intake from 24-hour recalls was used to determine intake. Nut/tree nut consumers consumed ≥¼; ounce per day. Covariate-adjusted means, standard errors, and prevalence rates were determined for the nut consumption groups.

RESULTS

The prevalence of nut consumers was 18.6% ± 0.7% and 21.0% ± 0.9% in those 19-50 years and 51 years and older, respectively. Nut consumption was associated with a decreased body mass index (27.7 kg/m(2) ± 0.2 vs 28.1 ± 0.1 kg/m(2), p < 0.05), waist circumference (95.6 ± 0.4 cm vs 96.4 ± 0.3 cm, p < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (121.9 ± 0.4 mmHg vs 123.20 ± 0.3 mmHg, p < 0.01) compared with nonconsumers. Tree nut consumers also had a lower weight (78.8 ± 0.7 kg vs 80.7 ± 0.3 kg, p < 0.05). Nut consumers had a lower percentage of two risk factors for MetS: hypertension (31.5% ± 1.0% vs 34.2% ± 0.8%, p < 0.05) and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (29.6% ± 1.0% vs 34.8% ± 0.8%, p < 0.01). Tree nut consumers had a lower prevalence of four risk factors for MetS: abdominal obesity (43.6% ± 1.6% vs 49.5% ± 0.8%, p < 0.05), hypertension (31.4% ± 1.2% vs 33.9% ± 0.8%, p < 0.05), low HDL-C (27.9% ± 1.7% vs 34.5% ± 0.8%, p < 0.01), high fasting glucose (11.4% ± 1.4% vs 15.0% ± 0.7%, p < 0.05), and a lower prevalence of MetS (21.2% ± 2.1% vs 26.6% ± 0.7%, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Nut/tree nut consumption was associated with a decreased prevalence of selected risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and MetS.

摘要

背景

很少有最近的流行病学研究评估坚果（包括树坚果和花生）的摄入量对健康风险的影响，包括代谢综合征（MetS）。

目的

本研究比较了坚果消费者与非消费者患心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病和 MetS 的健康风险。

设计

使用参加 1999-2004 年全国健康与营养调查的 19 岁及以上成年人（n=13292）。通过 24 小时回忆来确定摄入量。坚果/树坚果消费者的摄入量≥¼盎司/天。确定了坚果消费组的协变量调整均值、标准误差和流行率。

结果

坚果消费者的流行率分别为 19-50 岁为 18.6%±0.7%，51 岁及以上为 21.0%±0.9%。与非消费者相比，坚果消费与较低的体重指数（27.7kg/m²±0.2 与 28.1±0.1kg/m²，p<0.05）、腰围（95.6±0.4cm 与 96.4±0.3cm，p<0.05）和收缩压（121.9±0.4mmHg 与 123.20±0.3mmHg，p<0.01）相关。树坚果消费者的体重也较低（78.8±0.7kg 与 80.7±0.3kg，p<0.05）。坚果消费者患 MetS 的两个风险因素的比例较低：高血压（31.5%±1.0%与 34.2%±0.8%，p<0.05）和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）（29.6%±1.0%与 34.8%±0.8%，p<0.01）。树坚果消费者患 MetS 的四个风险因素的比例较低：腹部肥胖（43.6%±1.6%与 49.5%±0.8%，p<0.05）、高血压（31.4%±1.2%与 33.9%±0.8%，p<0.05）、低 HDL-C（27.9%±1.7%与 34.5%±0.8%，p<0.01）、空腹血糖高（11.4%±1.4%与 15.0%±0.7%，p<0.05）和 MetS 的流行率较低（21.2%±2.1%与 26.6%±0.7%，p<0.05）。