Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2013 Dec;98:110-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.015. Epub 2013 Oct 5.
The Chilean abalone or "loco" (Concholepas concholepas, Bruguière 1789) represent the most economically important marine recourse exploited from inner inshore Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources along the Chilean coast. In this study, newly-hatched larvae of C. concholepas were investigated as a potential model species for marine ecotoxicological studies. The study developed a behavioral standard protocol for assessing the impact that kraft pulp mill effluents after secondary treatment have on C. concholepas larvae. Under controlled laboratory conditions, newly-hatched larvae were exposed to a series of different concentrations of kraft pulp mill effluents with secondary treatment (Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp.), potassium dichromate as standard reference toxicant and effluent-free control conditions. Regardless of the type of effluent the results indicated that diluted kraft pulp effluent with secondary treatment had reduced effect on larval survival. Low larval survivals were only recorded when they were exposed to high concentrations of the reference toxicant. This suggests that C. concholepas larval bioassay is a simple method for monitoring the effects of kraft pulp mill effluents with secondary treatment discharged into the sea. The results indicated that dilution of ca. 1% of the effluent with an elemental chlorine free (ECF) secondary treatment is appropriate for achieving low larval mortalities, such as those obtained under control conditions with filtered seawater, and to minimize their impact on early ontogenetic stages of marine invertebrates such as newly-hatched larvae of C. concholepas. The methodological aspects of toxicological testing and behavioral responses described here with newly-hatched larvae of C. concholepas can be used to evaluate in the future the potential effects of other stressful conditions as other pollutants or changes in seawater pH associated with ocean acidification.
智利鲍鱼或“locos”（Concholepas concholepas，Bruguière 1789）是智利沿海内滨管理和利用区开发的最具经济价值的海洋资源。在本研究中，我们研究了智利鲍鱼刚孵化的幼虫，作为海洋生态毒理学研究的潜在模式生物。该研究开发了一种行为标准协议，用于评估经过二级处理的制浆厂废水对智利鲍鱼幼虫的影响。在受控的实验室条件下，我们将新孵化的幼虫暴露于一系列不同浓度的经过二级处理的制浆厂废水（松树和桉树）、重铬酸钾（标准参考毒物）和无废水的对照条件下。无论废水类型如何，结果表明，经过二级处理的稀释制浆废水对幼虫的存活率影响较小。只有当幼虫暴露于高浓度参考毒物时，才会记录到低幼虫存活率。这表明智利鲍鱼幼虫生物测定法是一种监测排入海水中的经过二级处理的制浆厂废水影响的简单方法。结果表明，用无元素氯（ECF）二级处理稀释约 1%的废水是合适的，可实现低幼虫死亡率，例如在过滤海水中获得的对照条件下，以及尽量减少其对海洋无脊椎动物如智利鲍鱼刚孵化幼虫等早期个体发育阶段的影响。本研究中用智利鲍鱼刚孵化的幼虫描述的毒理学测试和行为反应的方法学方面可用于评估未来其他胁迫条件（如其他污染物）或与海洋酸化相关的海水 pH 值变化的潜在影响。
