[Role of oncogenes in the genesis of hemoblastoses].

The recent data on cellular oncogenes and their significance in the origin of leukemias and lymphomas are reviewed. A brief historical note of the discovery of cellular oncogenes on the example of the Rous sarcoma virus and its cellular homologue is presented. The connection between chromosome translocations and oncogene activation as well as implication of carcinogens and genetic factors is elucidated. The proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes are described and possible pathways of their transforming activity are analyzed.