Toyoshima K
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1983 Feb;10(2 Pt 2):497-503.
The presence of oncogene was proved in 1969 with avian sarcoma virus B77. Since then, the first oncogene was identified as src gene and many other oncogenes have been found and characterized in various sarcoma and acute leukosis viruses. These oncogenes have cellular counterparts called "c-onc"s. They appeared to be the origins of viral oncogenes and some of them were actually proved to be oncogenic after coupling with viral LTR or insertion into retroviral genome. The importance of activation of c-onc in general carcinogenesis was discussed in relation to recent advances in human cancer gene study.
1969年，通过禽肉瘤病毒B77证实了癌基因的存在。从那时起，第一个癌基因被鉴定为src基因，并且在各种肉瘤和急性白血病病毒中发现并鉴定了许多其他癌基因。这些癌基因具有被称为“c-onc”的细胞对应物。它们似乎是病毒癌基因的起源，其中一些在与病毒长末端重复序列（LTR）偶联或插入逆转录病毒基因组后实际上被证明具有致癌性。结合人类癌症基因研究的最新进展，讨论了c-onc激活在一般致癌作用中的重要性。
