Ong T, Whong W Z, Xu J, Burchell B, Green F H, Lewis T
Environ Res. 1985 Aug;37(2):399-409. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90121-5.
Genotoxicity studies with mice and/or rats have been conducted to evaluate the potential mutagenic hazard associated with exposures of coal miners to diesel emission particulates (DEP) and/or coal dusts (CD). Rats and mice were exposed to filtered air, DEP, and/or CD for periods ranging from 3 months to 2 years. Levels of respirable particulates were maintained at 2 mg/m3 in all exposed groups. DEP and/or CD were collected in the inhalation chambers in which animals were exposed. Urine samples were collected for 5 consecutive days from rats exposed to DEP and/or CD for 3, 6, and 24 months. The particulate samples extracted with dichloromethane and the urine samples concentrated with XAD-2 columns were analyzed for mutagenic activity by the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay system. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from rats exposed for 3 months were analyzed for sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). The femur bone marrow cells from rats exposed for 24 months and mice exposed for 6 months were analyzed for micronuclei in both polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes. The results indicate that the solvent extract of DEP was mutagenic, while no mutagenic activity was found for the CD extract. Combination of CD and DEP did not show any synergistic effect. No mutagenic activity was found for urine samples from rats exposed to DEP and/or CD for up to 2 years. A slight increase in the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes over the control level was found in mice exposed to DEP and DEP plus CD for 6 months but the increase was not statistically significant. No increase in micronuclei was detected in rats exposed for 24 months. The frequencies of SCE in the peripheral lymphocytes of the 3-month-exposed rats were similar for control and DEP plus CD-exposed groups.
已开展了针对小鼠和/或大鼠的遗传毒性研究，以评估煤矿工人接触柴油排放颗粒物（DEP）和/或煤尘（CD）所带来的潜在诱变危害。大鼠和小鼠暴露于过滤空气、DEP和/或CD中，暴露时长从3个月至2年不等。所有暴露组的可吸入颗粒物水平均维持在2毫克/立方米。DEP和/或CD收集于动物暴露所在的吸入舱中。对暴露于DEP和/或CD 3个月、6个月和24个月的大鼠连续5天采集尿液样本。用二氯甲烷萃取的颗粒物样本以及用XAD - 2柱浓缩的尿液样本，通过艾姆斯沙门氏菌/微粒体检测系统分析其诱变活性。对暴露3个月的大鼠外周血淋巴细胞进行姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）分析。对暴露24个月的大鼠股骨骨髓细胞以及暴露6个月的小鼠股骨骨髓细胞，分析多染红细胞和正染红细胞中的微核。结果表明，DEP的溶剂提取物具有诱变作用，而CD提取物未发现诱变活性。CD和DEP的组合未显示出任何协同效应。暴露于DEP和/或CD长达2年的大鼠尿液样本未发现诱变活性。暴露于DEP以及DEP加CD 6个月的小鼠中，多染红细胞微核数量相较于对照组略有增加，但增加无统计学意义。暴露24个月的大鼠未检测到微核增加。暴露3个月的大鼠外周淋巴细胞中，对照组与暴露于DEP加CD组的SCE频率相似。
