Churchill P C
Am J Physiol. 1985 Aug;249(2 Pt 2):F175-84. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1985.249.2.F175.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a central role in electrolyte homeostasis and in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. The level of activity of this system is determined primarily by the rate at which the kidneys secrete renin into the blood. Although many factors affect renin secretion in vivo, it is certain that all extracellular first messengers affect the activity of the renin-secreting cell by altering its intracellular concentrations of only a few second messengers. The thesis of this review is that free ionic calcium (Ca2+) and cAMP are inhibitory and stimulatory second messengers in renin secretion and that Ca2+ is preeminent. In general, intracellular Ca2+ is controlled by two mechanisms of Ca2+ efflux (Na-Ca exchange; primary active Ca2+ transport) and two mechanisms of Ca2+ influx and/or mobilization (voltage-sensitive Ca channels; receptor-operated channels). There is evidence to suggest that first messengers affect intracellular Ca2+, and therefore renin secretion, by affecting these efflux, influx, and mobilization pathways.
肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统在电解质平衡及动脉血压调节中起核心作用。该系统的活性水平主要由肾脏向血液中分泌肾素的速率决定。尽管体内有许多因素影响肾素分泌，但可以确定的是，所有细胞外第一信使都是通过改变肾素分泌细胞内仅几种第二信使的浓度来影响其活性。本综述的论点是，游离离子钙（Ca2+）和环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）分别是肾素分泌的抑制性和刺激性第二信使，且Ca2+起主要作用。一般来说，细胞内Ca2+受两种Ca2+外流机制（钠钙交换；原发性主动Ca2+转运）以及两种Ca2+内流和/或动员机制（电压敏感性钙通道；受体操纵通道）的控制。有证据表明，第一信使通过影响这些外流、内流和动员途径来影响细胞内Ca2+，进而影响肾素分泌。
