Burkhalter Hanna, Brunner Daniel P, Wirz-Justice Anna, Cajochen Christian, Weaver Terri E, Steiger Jürg, Fehr Thomas, Venzin Reto M, De Geest Sabina
Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
BMC Nephrol. 2013 Oct 10;14:220. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-220.
Poor sleep quality (SQ) and daytime sleepiness (DS) are common in renal transplant (RTx) recipients; however, related data are rare. This study describes the prevalence and frequency of self-reported sleep disturbances in RTx recipients.
This cross-sectional study included 249 RTx recipients transplanted at three Swiss transplant centers. All had reported poor SQ and / or DS in a previous study. With the Survey of Sleep (SOS) self-report questionnaire, we screened for sleep and health habits, sleep history, main sleep problems and sleep-related disturbances. To determine a basis for preliminary sleep diagnoses according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), 164 subjects were interviewed (48 in person, 116 via telephone and 85 refused). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and to determine the frequencies and prevalences of specific sleep disorders.
The sample had a mean age of 59.1 ± 11.6 years (60.2% male); mean time since Tx was 11.1 ± 7.0 years. The most frequent sleep problem was difficulty staying asleep (49.4%), followed by problems falling asleep (32.1%). The most prevalent sleep disturbance was the need to urinate (62.9%), and 27% reported reduced daytime functionality. Interview data showed that most suffered from the first ICSD category: insomnias.
Though often disregarded in RTx recipients, sleep is an essential factor of wellbeing. Our findings show high prevalences and incidences of insomnias, with negative impacts on daytime functionality. This indicates a need for further research on the clinical consequences of sleep disturbances and the benefits of insomnia treatment in RTx recipients.
睡眠质量差（SQ）和日间嗜睡（DS）在肾移植（RTx）受者中很常见；然而，相关数据却很少。本研究描述了肾移植受者自我报告的睡眠障碍的患病率和频率。
这项横断面研究纳入了在瑞士三个移植中心接受移植的249名肾移植受者。所有患者在之前的研究中均报告有睡眠质量差和/或日间嗜睡情况。通过睡眠调查问卷（SOS）这一自我报告问卷，我们筛查了睡眠和健康习惯、睡眠史、主要睡眠问题以及与睡眠相关的干扰因素。为根据国际睡眠障碍分类（ICSD）确定初步睡眠诊断的依据，我们对164名受试者进行了访谈（48人面对面访谈，116人通过电话访谈，85人拒绝访谈）。采用描述性统计分析数据，以确定特定睡眠障碍的频率和患病率。
样本的平均年龄为59.1±11.6岁（男性占60.2%）；移植后的平均时间为11.1±7.0年。最常见的睡眠问题是难以保持睡眠（49.4%），其次是入睡困难（32.1%）。最普遍的睡眠干扰因素是需要排尿（62.9%），27%的人报告日间功能下降。访谈数据显示，大多数人患有ICSD的第一类：失眠症。
尽管肾移植受者的睡眠问题常常被忽视，但睡眠是健康的一个重要因素。我们的研究结果表明失眠症的患病率和发病率都很高，且对日间功能有负面影响。这表明有必要进一步研究睡眠障碍的临床后果以及肾移植受者失眠治疗的益处。
