Miyamoto Hiroshi, Endo Hirotoshi, Hashimoto Naoki, Limura Kurin, Isowa Yukinobu, Kinoshita Shigeharu, Kotaki Tomohiro, Masaoka Tetsuji, Miki Takumi, Nakayama Seiji, Nogawa Chihiro, Notazawa Atsuto, Ohmori Fumito, Sarashina Isao, Suzuki Michio, Takagi Ryousuke, Takahashi Jun, Takeuchi Takeshi, Yokoo Naoki, Satoh Nori, Toyohara Haruhiko, Miyashita Tomoyuki, Wada Hiroshi, Samata Tetsuro, Endo Kazuyoshi, Nagasawa Hiromichi, Asakawa Shuichi, Watabe Shugo
1 Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.
Zoolog Sci. 2013 Oct;30(10):801-16. doi: 10.2108/zsj.30.801.
In molluscs, shell matrix proteins are associated with biomineralization, a biologically controlled process that involves nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate crystals. Identification and characterization of shell matrix proteins are important for better understanding of the adaptive radiation of a large variety of molluscs. We searched the draft genome sequence of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata and annotated 30 different kinds of shell matrix proteins. Of these, we could identified Perlucin, ependymin-related protein and SPARC as common genes shared by bivalves and gastropods; however, most gastropod shell matrix proteins were not found in the P. fucata genome. Glycinerich proteins were conserved in the genus Pinctada. Another important finding with regard to these annotated genes was that numerous shell matrix proteins are encoded by more than one gene; e.g., three ACCBP-like proteins, three CaLPs, five chitin synthase-like proteins, two N16 proteins (pearlins), 10 N19 proteins, two nacreins, four Pifs, nine shematrins, two prismalin-14 proteins, and 21 tyrosinases. This diversity of shell matrix proteins may be implicated in the morphological diversity of mollusc shells. The annotated genes reported here can be searched in P. fucata gene models version 1.1 and genome assembly version 1.0 ( http://marinegenomics.oist.jp/pinctada_fucata ). These genes should provide a useful resource for studies of the genetic basis of biomineralization and evaluation of the role of shell matrix proteins as an evolutionary toolkit among the molluscs.
在软体动物中，贝壳基质蛋白与生物矿化相关，生物矿化是一个生物控制过程，涉及碳酸钙晶体的成核和生长。贝壳基质蛋白的鉴定和表征对于更好地理解各种软体动物的适应性辐射很重要。我们搜索了合浦珠母贝的基因组草图序列，并注释了30种不同的贝壳基质蛋白。其中，我们可以鉴定出Perlucin、室管膜蛋白相关蛋白和SPARC作为双壳类和腹足类共有的常见基因；然而，大多数腹足类贝壳基质蛋白在合浦珠母贝基因组中未被发现。富含甘氨酸的蛋白在珠母贝属中是保守的。关于这些注释基因的另一个重要发现是，许多贝壳基质蛋白由多个基因编码；例如，三种ACCBP样蛋白、三种CaLPs、五种几丁质合酶样蛋白、两种N16蛋白（珍珠蛋白）、十种N19蛋白、两种珍珠层蛋白、四种Pifs、九种贝壳基质蛋白、两种棱柱蛋白-14蛋白和21种酪氨酸酶。贝壳基质蛋白的这种多样性可能与软体动物贝壳的形态多样性有关。这里报道的注释基因可以在合浦珠母贝基因模型版本1.1和基因组组装版本1.0中搜索（http://marinegenomics.oist.jp/pinctada_fucata）。这些基因应该为生物矿化遗传基础的研究以及评估贝壳基质蛋白作为软体动物进化工具包的作用提供有用的资源。
