Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;162(4):276-82. doi: 10.1159/000354934. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
Eosinophils store a wide range of preformed proteins, including cationic proteins and cytokines, within their morphologically unique granules. Recently, we have demonstrated that cell-free eosinophil granules are functional, independent, secretory organelles and that clusters of cell-free granules are commonly found at tissue sites associated with various pathologic conditions. Cytolytic release of intact eosinophil granules produces extracellular organelles that are fully capable of ligand-elicited, active, secretory responses and are hence able to act as 'cluster bombs' that amplify the differential secretory properties of eosinophils. Herein, we review recent progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the cytolytical release of intact cell-free functional eosinophil granules in a process associated with the liberation of eosinophil DNA traps (nets), a known aspect of the innate response recognized in various immune cells and pathological conditions. We also discuss the importance of clusters of cell-free eosinophil granules trapped in eosinophil DNA nets in disease and speculate on their potential role(s) in immunity as well as compare available data on DNA-releasing neutrophils.
嗜酸性粒细胞在其形态独特的颗粒中储存了广泛的预先形成的蛋白质，包括阳离子蛋白和细胞因子。最近，我们已经证明，无细胞嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒是具有功能的、独立的分泌细胞器，并且无细胞颗粒簇在与各种病理状况相关的组织部位很常见。完整的嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒的细胞溶解性释放产生了能够引发配体诱导的、活跃的、分泌反应的细胞外细胞器，因此能够作为“集束炸弹”，放大嗜酸性粒细胞的差异分泌特性。在此，我们回顾了阐明与嗜酸性粒细胞 DNA 陷阱（网）释放相关的完整无细胞功能嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒的细胞溶解性释放所涉及的分子机制的最新进展，这是各种免疫细胞和病理状况中公认的先天反应的一个已知方面。我们还讨论了被困在嗜酸性粒细胞 DNA 网中的无细胞嗜酸性粒细胞颗粒簇在疾病中的重要性，并推测它们在免疫中的潜在作用，并比较了关于释放 DNA 的中性粒细胞的现有数据。
