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Gerontologist. 2014 Feb;54(1):40-50. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnt123. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
Erik H. Erikson published his groundbreaking theory of 8 stages of lifelong psychosocial development in 1950. His theory expanded psychoanalytic concepts of psychosexual development to include the importance of social dynamics; it transcended then-current thinking that psychological development culminated in early adulthood, acknowledging that systematic human development continues throughout the entire life cycle. The theory made Erikson a pioneer in developmental psychology. His last authored book, Vital Involvement in Old Age, rearticulated and elaborated 3 principles that, in different words, are rooted in his original theory of healthy life cycle development: (1) Dynamic Balance of Opposites; (2) Vital Involvement; and (3) Life in Time. Using a lens informed by knowledge gained over the past 30 years and by reflections of one of the original researchers on that project, the current manuscript seeks to spark new interest in Erikson's late-life contribution. It explains the principles in new detail, links them to relevant research, and suggests ways they could enable Erikson's ideas to further enrich gerontological practice and research.
埃里克·H·埃里克森（Erik H. Erikson）于 1950 年发表了开创性的毕生心理社会发展 8 阶段理论。他的理论扩展了精神分析的性心理发展概念，纳入了社会动态的重要性；超越了当时的主流观点，即心理发展在成年早期达到顶峰，并承认系统的人类发展贯穿整个生命周期。该理论使埃里克森成为发展心理学的先驱。他最后一本有作者署名的书《老年的重要参与》（Vital Involvement in Old Age）重新阐述和详细说明了 3 个原则，这些原则用不同的词语来说，根植于他关于健康生命周期发展的原始理论：（1）对立面的动态平衡；（2）重要参与；（3）在时间中的生活。本手稿使用过去 30 年获得的知识和该项目的原始研究人员之一的反思作为视角，旨在激发人们对埃里克森晚年贡献的新兴趣。它详细解释了这些原则，将它们与相关研究联系起来，并提出了一些方法，使埃里克森的思想能够进一步丰富老年学实践和研究。
