Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2013 Oct 16;4:749. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00749. eCollection 2013.
The antisaccade task is a classic task of oculomotor control that requires participants to inhibit a saccade to a target and instead make a voluntary saccade to the mirror opposite location. By comparison, the prosaccade task requires participants to make a visually-guided saccade to the target. These tasks have been studied extensively using behavioral oculomotor, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging in both non-human primates and humans. In humans, the antisaccade task is under active investigation as a potential endophenotype or biomarker for multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders. A large and growing body of literature has used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) to study the neural correlates of the antisaccade and prosaccade tasks. We present a quantitative meta-analysis of all published voxel-wise fMRI and PET studies (18) of the antisaccade task and show that consistent activation for antisaccades and prosaccades is obtained in a fronto-subcortical-parietal network encompassing frontal and supplementary eye fields (SEFs), thalamus, striatum, and intraparietal cortex. This network is strongly linked to oculomotor control and was activated to a greater extent for antisaccade than prosaccade trials. Antisaccade but not prosaccade trials additionally activated dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices. We also found that a number of additional regions not classically linked to oculomotor control were activated to a greater extent for antisaccade vs. prosaccade trials; these regions are often reported in antisaccade studies but rarely commented upon. While the number of studies eligible to be included in this meta-analysis was small, the results of this systematic review reveal that antisaccade and prosaccade trials consistently activate a distributed network of regions both within and outside the classic definition of the oculomotor network.
反扫视任务是一种经典的眼球运动控制任务，要求参与者抑制对目标的扫视，而是自愿将扫视转移到目标的镜像相反位置。相比之下，正扫视任务要求参与者进行视觉引导的扫视到目标。这些任务在非人类灵长类动物和人类中都使用行为眼动、电生理和神经影像学进行了广泛研究。在人类中，反扫视任务作为多种精神和神经障碍的潜在表型或生物标志物受到广泛关注。大量不断增长的文献使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 和正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 研究反扫视和正扫视任务的神经相关性。我们对所有已发表的反扫视任务的体素 fMRI 和 PET 研究（18 项）进行了定量荟萃分析，并显示在一个包含额极和辅助眼区（SEF）、丘脑、纹状体和顶内皮质的额下皮质顶叶网络中获得了反扫视和正扫视的一致激活。该网络与眼球运动控制密切相关，并且在反扫视试验中比正扫视试验激活程度更大。反扫视试验而非正扫视试验还激活了背外侧和腹外侧前额叶皮层。我们还发现，许多与眼动控制没有经典联系的额外区域在反扫视与正扫视试验中被激活程度更大；这些区域在反扫视研究中经常被报道，但很少被提及。虽然有资格纳入此荟萃分析的研究数量较少，但此系统评价的结果表明，反扫视和正扫视试验一致地激活了一个分布于经典眼动网络内外的区域网络。
