Velisek J, Stara A, Zuskova E, Svobodova Z
Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
Vet Clin Pathol. 2013 Dec;42(4):508-15. doi: 10.1111/vcp.12081. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
Effects of acute and subchronic exposure of fish to s-triazine herbicides have been well documented, but data on the effects of prometryn on blood analytes in carp at environmentally realistic concentrations are lacking.
The objective of the study was to determine whether biometrics, blood analytes, and histopathology could serve as bioindicators in fish living in waters polluted by triazine.
Fish were exposed to prometryn at concentrations of 0.51 (reported concentration in Czech rivers), 8.0, and 80 μg/L for 14, 30, and 60 days. Prior to and during this period, biometrics, blood analytes, and histopathology were evaluated.
After 60 days' exposure to 8.0 and 80 μg/L of prometryn, spleen weights (P < .05) and lactate (P < .01) levels were significantly lower, and concentrations of HGB (P < .01) and MHC (P < .01) and MCHC (P < .01) were higher, relative to controls. After 30 and 60 days' exposure to 0.51, 8.0, and 80 μg/L of prometryn, AST activity, calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphate levels were lower (P < .01), while creatinine concentration and ALT activity were higher (P < .01) than in controls. Glucose was higher after exposure to 80 μg/L after 30 and 60 days, and after 60 days' exposure to 8.0 μg/L. Renal histology revealed severe hyaline degeneration of the epithelial cells of caudal kidney tubules in fish at all exposure levels.
This study shows effects in fish blood at a concentration of 0.51 μg/L of prometryn, a significant finding in view of prometryn reaching a maximum of 4.4 μg/L or less in European rivers. Select blood analytes, such as creatinine, and histologic changes in caudal kidney are potential biomarkers for monitoring residual triazine pesticides in Common Carp.
鱼类急性和亚慢性接触均三嗪类除草剂的影响已有充分记录，但关于在环境现实浓度下扑草净对鲤鱼血液分析物影响的数据尚缺。
本研究的目的是确定生物特征、血液分析物和组织病理学是否可作为生活在受三嗪污染水体中鱼类的生物指标。
将鱼类暴露于浓度为0.51（捷克河流中的报告浓度）、8.0和80μg/L的扑草净中14、30和60天。在此期间之前和期间，对生物特征、血液分析物和组织病理学进行评估。
暴露于8.0和80μg/L扑草净60天后，相对于对照组，脾脏重量（P<.05）和乳酸水平（P<.01）显著降低，血红蛋白（HGB，P<.01）、平均血红蛋白浓度（MHC，P<.01）和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC，P<.01）升高。暴露于0.51、8.0和80μg/L扑草净30和60天后，天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性、钙、镁和无机磷酸盐水平降低（P<.01），而肌酐浓度和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性高于对照组（P<.01）。暴露于80μg/L 30和60天后以及暴露于8.0μg/L 60天后，葡萄糖水平升高。肾脏组织学显示，所有暴露水平下的鱼类尾肾小管上皮细胞均出现严重透明变性。
本研究表明，在0.51μg/L的扑草净浓度下，鱼类血液出现了变化，鉴于欧洲河流中扑草净的最高含量为4.4μg/L或更低，这一发现意义重大。选定的血液分析物，如肌酐，以及尾肾的组织学变化是监测鲤鱼中残留三嗪类农药的潜在生物标志物。
