Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
Aquat Toxicol. 2011 Jan 17;101(1):228-36. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.10.001. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
The environmental risk assessment of toxicants is often derived from chemical monitoring, based on single species tests performed in the laboratory. However, to provide ecologically relevant information, community approaches are required. The aim of this study was to causally link prometryn exposure to community-level effects in complex field situations and to identify response times of adaptation to pollution and recovery from pollution. For this reason sensitivity shifts in communities were detected and related to structural changes within the periphyton community. Furthermore, it was intended to illustrate the possibility of a combined approach of community translocation and sensitivity assessment for active monitoring of polluted sites. Periphyton was grown at a reference (R) and at a polluted (P) site of the river Elbe basin for 26 days, was subsequently transferred from the polluted site to the reference site and vice versa. Sensitivity of communities to prometryn was determined according to the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT)-concept in short-term tests by measuring photosynthesis inhibition and was related to structural changes in algal class and diatom species composition. Exposure to prometryn was determined using polar organic integrative samplers (POCIS), giving time-weighted average concentrations. Environmental concentrations of prometryn were significantly higher at the polluted site compared to the reference site. Communities grown at the polluted site showed a higher tolerance to prometryn in comparison to the reference site. 17 Days after the translocation to the reference site, EC(50) decreased 2-fold compared to the non-translocated P-community of the same age. By contrast, EC(50) of the community grown at the reference site was 5 times higher after 17 days exposure at the polluted site. Furthermore, P-R communities were less sensitive to prometryn (higher EC(50)) than R-P communities, 24 days after translocation. These changes in sensitivity to prometryn were consistent with changes in species composition and clearly indicate that the exposure history of communities is defining the time-response of recovery and adaptation. In conclusion, the PICT-concept is shown to be a suitable tool for analysis of recovery and adaptation processes of communities under natural conditions. Therefore, it improves the link between cause and effect in field situations. In situ translocation studies provide an ecological relevant assessment of pesticide effects under field conditions and could be used as a diagnostic tool in active monitoring for decision-making frameworks as used in the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD).
有毒物质的环境风险评估通常来自化学监测，基于在实验室进行的单一物种测试。然而，为了提供具有生态相关性的信息，需要采用群落方法。本研究的目的是在复杂的野外情况下将普灭净的暴露与群落水平的效应联系起来，并确定适应污染和从污染中恢复的响应时间。为此，检测了群落中的敏感性转移，并将其与附着生物群落的结构变化联系起来。此外，还旨在说明将群落易位和敏感性评估相结合用于污染场地主动监测的可能性。附着生物在易比河盆地的一个参考（R）和一个污染（P）地点生长了 26 天，随后从污染地点转移到参考地点，反之亦然。根据污染诱导的群落耐受性（PICT）概念，在短期测试中通过测量光合作用抑制来确定群落对普灭净的敏感性，并将其与藻类类和硅藻种组成的结构变化联系起来。使用极性有机综合采样器（POCIS）测定普灭净的暴露情况，给出时间加权平均浓度。与参考地点相比，污染地点的普灭净环境浓度明显更高。与参考地点相比，在污染地点生长的群落对普灭净的耐受性更高。与同一年龄的未易位 P-群落相比，转移到参考地点 17 天后，EC50 降低了 2 倍。相比之下，在污染地点暴露 17 天后，在参考地点生长的群落的 EC50 高 5 倍。此外，24 天后，P-R 群落对普灭净的敏感性（更高的 EC50）低于 R-P 群落。这些对普灭净敏感性的变化与物种组成的变化一致，清楚地表明群落的暴露历史决定了恢复和适应的时间响应。总之，PICT 概念被证明是分析自然条件下群落恢复和适应过程的合适工具。因此，它改善了野外情况下因果关系的联系。原位易位研究为野外条件下农药效应提供了具有生态相关性的评估，并可作为主动监测中的诊断工具，用于决策框架，如在实施欧洲水框架指令（WFD）中使用。
