McPherson Kerri E, Kerr Susan, Morgan Antony, McGee Elizabeth, Cheater Francine M, McLean Jennifer, Egan James
Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Oct 19;13:971. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-971.
Health risk behaviours known to result in poorer outcomes in adulthood are generally established in late childhood and adolescence. These 'risky' behaviours include smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use and sexual risk taking. While the role of social capital in the establishment of health risk behaviours in young people has been explored, to date, no attempt has been made to consolidate the evidence in the form of a review. Thus, this integrative review was undertaken to identify and synthesise research findings on the role and impact of family and community social capital on health risk behaviours in young people and provide a consolidated evidence base to inform multi-sectorial policy and practice.
Key electronic databases were searched (i.e. ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts) for relevant studies and this was complemented by hand searching. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied and data was extracted from the included studies. Heterogeneity in study design and the outcomes assessed precluded meta-analysis/meta-synthesis; the results are therefore presented in narrative form.
Thirty-four papers satisfied the review inclusion criteria; most were cross-sectional surveys. The majority of the studies were conducted in North America (n=25), with three being conducted in the UK. Sample sizes ranged from 61 to 98,340. The synthesised evidence demonstrates that social capital is an important construct for understanding the establishment of health risk behaviours in young people. The different elements of family and community social capital varied in terms of their saliency within each behavioural domain, with positive parent-child relations, parental monitoring, religiosity and school quality being particularly important in reducing risk.
This review is the first to systematically synthesise research findings about the association between social capital and health risk behaviours in young people. While providing evidence that may inform the development of interventions framed around social capital, the review also highlights key areas where further research is required to provide a fuller account of the nature and role of social capital in influencing the uptake of health risk behaviours.
已知会导致成年后健康状况较差的健康风险行为通常在童年晚期和青少年时期就已形成。这些“风险”行为包括吸烟、酗酒、使用非法药物以及性行为风险。虽然社会资本在年轻人健康风险行为形成过程中的作用已得到探讨，但迄今为止，尚未有人尝试以综述的形式整合相关证据。因此，开展了这项综合综述，以识别和综合关于家庭和社区社会资本对年轻人健康风险行为的作用及影响的研究结果，并提供一个综合的证据基础，为多部门政策和实践提供参考。
检索了关键电子数据库（即ASSIA、CINAHL、Cochrane系统评价数据库、Cochrane对照试验中心注册库、效果评价综述文摘数据库、Embase、Medline、PsycINFO、社会学文摘）以查找相关研究，并辅以手工检索。应用纳入/排除标准，从纳入研究中提取数据。研究设计和评估结果的异质性排除了进行荟萃分析/元综合的可能性；因此，结果以叙述形式呈现。
34篇论文符合综述纳入标准；大多数是横断面调查。大多数研究在北美进行（n = 25），3项在英国进行。样本量从61到98340不等。综合证据表明，社会资本是理解年轻人健康风险行为形成的一个重要概念。家庭和社区社会资本的不同要素在每个行为领域的显著性各不相同，积极的亲子关系、父母监督、宗教信仰和学校质量在降低风险方面尤为重要。
本综述首次系统地综合了关于社会资本与年轻人健康风险行为之间关联的研究结果。在提供可能为围绕社会资本制定干预措施提供参考的证据的同时，该综述还突出了关键领域，需要进一步研究以更全面地说明社会资本在影响健康风险行为采纳方面的性质和作用。
