Kowalewska Anna, Mazur Joanna
Department of Biomedical Aspect of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, University of Warsaw.
Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child of Warsaw.
Przegl Lek. 2013;70(10):822-5.
The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between the perception of selected peer behaviours, social relationships and the neighbourhood social capital among 15-year-old adolescents in Poland. Research was carried out in 2010 as part of a successive series of the HBSC international studies on health behaviours in school-aged children (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: AWHO Collaborative Cross-national Study). 1551 students in the third grade of junior high schools were surveyed (762 boys and 789 girls). The standard, international, anonymous HBSC questionnaire was used in the surveys. In the analyses the scales for perception of male and female risky peer behaviours, the scales for communication with peers as well as the scales of confidence in friends, social competences and the social capital were used. It was found that the perception among respondents of their male and female friends as individuals engaging in risky behaviours (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, getting drunk) was widespread. Almost 40% of respondents claimed that all or most of their friends smoked cigarettes; one in two respondents was of the opinion that they drank alcohol; and one in ten that they get drunk. In the analyses comprising linear regression it was demonstrated that as the intensity of risky peer behaviours increases, selected social relationships deteriorate; this particularly applies to the general assessment of social capital. With regard to preventive measures aimed at counteracting risky behaviours among adolescents more attention should be paid to compliance with the provisions of law on tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption by minors among private individuals as well as those professionally dealing with law enforcement. An important task is also to raise the awareness of adolescents and adults of the relationship between young people engaging in risky behaviours and declining confidence in individuals and formal and informal institutions.
该研究的目的是考察波兰15岁青少年对特定同伴行为的认知、社会关系与邻里社会资本之间的关系。该研究于2010年开展，是世界卫生组织学龄儿童健康行为国际系列研究（学龄儿童健康行为：一项世卫组织合作的跨国研究）的一部分。对1551名初中三年级学生进行了调查（762名男生和789名女生）。调查使用了标准的、国际通用的、匿名的健康行为国际研究儿童青少年问卷。在分析中，使用了对男性和女性同伴危险行为的认知量表、与同伴交流的量表以及对朋友的信任、社交能力和社会资本的量表。结果发现，受访者普遍认为他们的男性和女性朋友存在危险行为（吸烟、饮酒、醉酒）。近40%的受访者称他们所有或大多数朋友都吸烟；二分之一的受访者认为他们饮酒；十分之一的受访者认为他们醉酒。在包含线性回归的分析中表明，随着同伴危险行为强度的增加，特定的社会关系会恶化；这尤其适用于对社会资本的总体评估。关于旨在应对青少年危险行为的预防措施，应更加关注个人以及执法专业人员遵守关于未成年人吸烟和饮酒的法律规定的情况。一项重要任务还在于提高青少年和成年人对年轻人从事危险行为与对个人以及正式和非正式机构的信任度下降之间关系的认识。
