Lages Annelisa Santos, França Elisabeth Barboza, Freitas Maria Imaculada de Fátima
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Belo HorizonteMG.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013 Jun;16(2):364-75. doi: 10.1590/S1415-790X2013000200012.
According to the Vaccine Coverage Survey, performed in 2007, the immunization coverage against hepatitis B in Belo Horizonte, for infants under one year old, was below the level proposed by the Brazilian National Program of Immunization. This vaccine was used as basis for evaluating the involvement of health professionals in the process of vaccination in two Basic Health Units (UBS, acronym in Portuguese) in the city. This study is qualitative and uses the notions of Social Representations Theory and the method of Structural Analysis of Narrative to carry out the interviews and data analysis. The results show flaws related to controlling and use of the mirror card and the parent orientation, and also the monitoring of vaccination coverage (VC) and use of VC data as input for planning health actions. It was observed that the working process in the UBS is focused on routine tasks, with low creativity of the professionals, which includes representations that maintain strong tendency to value activities focused on the health of individuals to the detriment of public health actions. In conclusion, the vaccination process fault can be overcome with a greater appreciation of everyday actions and with a much better use of local information about vaccination, and some necessary adjustments within the UBS to improve public health actions.
根据2007年进行的疫苗接种覆盖率调查，贝洛奥里藏特一岁以下婴儿的乙肝免疫接种覆盖率低于巴西国家免疫规划提出的水平。该疫苗被用作评估该市两个基层卫生单位（葡萄牙语缩写为UBS）的卫生专业人员在疫苗接种过程中的参与情况的依据。本研究为定性研究，运用社会表征理论的概念和叙事结构分析方法进行访谈和数据分析。结果显示，在疫苗接种卡的管理与使用、对家长的指导方面存在缺陷，在疫苗接种覆盖率监测以及将覆盖率数据用作规划卫生行动的依据方面也存在缺陷。据观察，基层卫生单位的工作流程侧重于日常任务，专业人员的创造力较低，其中包括一些观念，这些观念仍强烈倾向于重视针对个体健康的活动，而损害了公共卫生行动。总之，通过更加重视日常行动、更好地利用当地疫苗接种信息以及基层卫生单位内部进行一些必要调整以改善公共卫生行动，疫苗接种过程中的缺陷是可以克服的。
