Jain Nidhi, Hennessey Karen
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2009 Jun;44(6):561-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.10.143. Epub 2008 Dec 23.
To determine national estimates of hepatitis B vaccination among adolescents in the United States and factors associated with vaccination using provider-reported immunization histories.
Data were analyzed from the 2006 National Immunization Survey-Teen, a random-digit-dialed telephone survey sampling households with adolescents aged 13-17 years. Provider-reported immunization histories were obtained to determine hepatitis B vaccination coverage.
The household response rate was 56.2% (n = 5468); provider data was obtained from 52.7% (n = 2882). Overall up-to-date hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 81.3%; older adolescents aged 15-17 years old had lower coverage than younger adolescents aged 13-14 years old, (77.6% vs. 87.1%, p < .05). More than half of the 13-14-year-olds had received vaccination before age 3 years, while 15-17-year-olds received vaccination throughout childhood. Factors associated with vaccination coverage among adolescents 13-14 years old included private health insurance coverage and having a parent-reported health care visit at age of 11-12 years. Factors associated with vaccination coverage among adolescents 15-17 years old included living in the Northeast, having a mother who was married, and having a parent-reported health care visit at 11-12 years.
In 2006, adolescents 15-17 years old had lower hepatitis B vaccination coverage compared to those 13-14 years old. Younger adolescents likely benefited from universal recommendations in 1991 and received hepatitis B vaccination during early childhood. A healthcare visit at age 11-12 years has been recommended by professional organizations and was associated with hepatitis B vaccination in our survey. Parents and providers should routinely review adolescent immunizations.
利用医疗机构报告的免疫接种史来确定美国青少年乙肝疫苗接种的全国估计数以及与疫苗接种相关的因素。
对2006年全国青少年免疫调查的数据进行分析，该调查通过随机数字拨号电话调查对有13 - 17岁青少年的家庭进行抽样。获取医疗机构报告的免疫接种史以确定乙肝疫苗接种覆盖率。
家庭回应率为56.2%（n = 5468）；从52.7%（n = 2882）的家庭获取了医疗机构数据。总体乙肝疫苗最新接种覆盖率为81.3%；15 - 17岁的大龄青少年接种覆盖率低于13 - 14岁的低龄青少年（77.6%对87.1%，p < 0.05）。超过一半的13 - 14岁青少年在3岁前接种了疫苗，而15 - 17岁青少年在整个童年期都有接种。13 - 14岁青少年中与疫苗接种覆盖率相关的因素包括拥有私人医疗保险以及父母报告在11 - 12岁时有过医疗就诊。15 - 17岁青少年中与疫苗接种覆盖率相关的因素包括居住在东北部、母亲已婚以及父母报告在11 - 12岁时有过医疗就诊。
2006年，15 - 17岁青少年的乙肝疫苗接种覆盖率低于13 - 14岁青少年。低龄青少年可能受益于1991年的普遍建议，并在幼儿期接种了乙肝疫苗。专业组织建议在11 - 12岁时进行一次医疗就诊，在我们的调查中这与乙肝疫苗接种相关。父母和医疗机构应定期复查青少年的免疫接种情况。
