1Applied Musculoskeletal and Human Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and 2Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 May;28(5):1310-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000278.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of maximal and rapid isometric torque characteristics of the posterior muscles of the hip and thigh and lower-body power to discriminate between professional status in full-time and part-time professional soccer referees. Seven full-time (mean ± SE: age = 36 ± 2 years; mass = 82 ± 4 kg; and height = 179 ± 3 cm) and 9 part-time (age = 34 ± 2 years; mass = 84 ± 2 kg; and height = 181 ± 2 cm) professional soccer referees performed 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the posterior muscles of the hip and thigh. Peak torque (PT) and absolute and relative rate of torque development (RTD) were calculated from a torque-time curve that was recorded during each MVC. Lower-body power output was assessed through a vertical jump test. Results indicated that the rapid torque characteristics were greater in the full-time compared with the part-time referees for absolute RTD (p = 0.011) and relative RTD at 1/2 (p = 0.022) and 2/3 (p = 0.033) of the normalized torque-time curve. However, no differences were observed for PT (p = 0.660) or peak power (Pmax, p = 0.149) between groups. These findings suggest that rapid torque characteristics of the posterior muscles of the hip and thigh may be sensitive and effective measures for discriminating between full-time and part-time professional soccer referees. Strength and conditioning coaches may use these findings to help identify professional soccer referees with high explosive strength-related capacities and possibly overall refereeing ability.
本研究旨在检验髋关节和大腿后肌群最大和快速等长扭矩特征以及下半身力量在区分全职和兼职职业足球裁判员中的有效性。7 名全职（平均± SE：年龄=36±2 岁；体重=82±4 公斤；身高=179±3 厘米）和 9 名兼职（年龄=34±2 岁；体重=84±2 公斤；身高=181±2 厘米）职业足球裁判员进行了 2 次髋关节和大腿后肌群的最大等长 voluntary contractions（MVCs）。从每个 MVC 期间记录的扭矩-时间曲线中计算出峰值扭矩（PT）以及绝对和相对扭矩发展速率（RTD）。通过垂直跳跃测试评估下半身力量输出。结果表明，与兼职裁判员相比，全职裁判员的绝对 RTD（p=0.011）和 1/2（p=0.022）和 2/3（p=0.033）的相对 RTD 的快速扭矩特征更大。然而，在 PT（p=0.660）或峰值功率（Pmax，p=0.149）方面，两组之间没有差异。这些发现表明，髋关节和大腿后肌群的快速扭矩特征可能是区分全职和兼职职业足球裁判员的敏感且有效的措施。力量和体能教练可以利用这些发现来帮助识别具有高爆发力相关能力和可能的整体裁判能力的职业足球裁判员。
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