Division of Rende, CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rende, Italy,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Mar;21(6):4044-62. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2196-6. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
The Mediterranean basin, because of its semi-enclosed configuration, is one of the areas heavily affected by air pollutants. Despite implications on both human health and radiative budget involving an increasing interest, monitoring databases measuring air pollution directly over this area are yet relatively limited. Owing to this context, concentrations of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles along with other ancillary data, such as ozone levels and meteorological parameters, were measured during six cruise campaigns covering almost the whole Mediterranean basin. Elemental composition of both PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 was also determined to identify specific tracers for different classes of particles that can be found in the Mediterranean atmosphere. Outcomes resulting from the integration of a preliminary qualitative examination with a more quantitative analysis, based on receptor modelling, suggested that European continental influence, Saharan dust outbreaks, wildfire events, sea spray and fossil fuel combustion were the leading causes of the aerosol-ozone variations within the Mediterranean basin. Shipping emissions, consisting in both local harbours and maritime traffic across the basin, were also tested using the marker ratio of V/Ni. Peak values observed for coarse fraction have shown to be driven by the occurrence of African dust events. Considering the major influence of Continental pollution and wildfire events, the spatial variability resulted in larger fine particle concentrations and higher ozone levels over the Eastern Mediterranean side in comparison to the Western one.
地中海盆地由于其半封闭的构造，是受空气污染物影响严重的地区之一。尽管这对人类健康和辐射预算都有影响，引起了越来越多的关注，但直接在该地区测量空气污染的监测数据库仍然相对有限。鉴于这种情况，在六次巡航活动中测量了细颗粒（PM2.5）和粗颗粒（PM2.5-10）以及其他辅助数据（如臭氧水平和气象参数）的浓度。还确定了 PM2.5 和 PM2.5-10 的元素组成，以确定可以在地中海大气中找到的不同类别的颗粒的特定示踪剂。基于受体模型的初步定性检查与更定量分析的综合结果表明，欧洲大陆的影响、撒哈拉沙尘爆发、野火事件、海雾和化石燃料燃烧是地中海盆地气溶胶-臭氧变化的主要原因。使用 V/Ni 的标记比也对包括当地港口和整个盆地的海上交通在内的航运排放进行了测试。粗颗粒的观测峰值表明受到了非洲尘埃事件的影响。考虑到大陆污染和野火事件的主要影响，与西部相比，东部地中海地区的空间变异性导致了更高的细颗粒浓度和更高的臭氧水平。
