School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, Washington, 99164; Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3rd St, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405.
Evolution. 2013 Nov;67(11):3290-304. doi: 10.1111/evo.12194. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
Theoretical studies have demonstrated that selection will favor increased migration when fitnesses vary both temporally and spatially, but it is far from clear how pervasive those theoretical conditions are in nature. Although consumer-resource interactions are omnipresent in nature and can generate spatial and temporal variation, it is unknown even in theory whether these dynamics favor the evolution of migration. We develop a mathematical model to address whether and how migration evolves when variability in fitness is determined at least in part by consumer-resource coevolutionary interactions. Our analyses show that such interactions can drive the evolution of migration in the resource, consumer, or both species and thus supplies a general explanation for the pervasiveness of migration. Over short time scales, we show the direction of change in migration rate is determined primarily by the state of local adaptation of the species involved: rates increase when a species is locally maladapted and decrease when locally adapted. Our results reveal that long-term evolutionary trends in migration rates can differ dramatically depending on the strength or weakness of interspecific interactions and suggest an explanation for the evolutionary divergence of migration rates among interacting species.
理论研究表明，当适应性在时间和空间上都存在差异时，选择将有利于增加迁移，但目前还远不清楚这些理论条件在自然界中是多么普遍。尽管消费者-资源相互作用在自然界中无处不在，并能产生时空变化，但即使从理论上也不知道这些动态是否有利于迁移的进化。我们开发了一个数学模型，以确定在适应性的可变性至少部分由消费者-资源共同进化相互作用决定的情况下，迁移是否以及如何进化。我们的分析表明，这种相互作用可以驱动资源、消费者或两者的物种的迁移进化，从而为迁移的普遍性提供了一个普遍的解释。在短时间尺度上，我们表明迁移率变化的方向主要取决于所涉及物种的局部适应状态：当一个物种在当地适应不良时，迁移率增加，而当在当地适应时，迁移率减少。我们的结果表明，迁移率的长期进化趋势可能因种间相互作用的强弱而有很大差异，并为相互作用的物种之间迁移率的进化分歧提供了一种解释。
