Carja Oana, Furrow Robert E, Feldman Marcus W
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2014 Nov 7;281(1794):20141677. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1677.
Stochastic switching is an example of phenotypic bet hedging, where an individual can switch between different phenotypic states in a fluctuating environment. Although the evolution of stochastic switching has been studied when the environment varies temporally, there has been little theoretical work on the evolution of phenotypic switching under both spatially and temporally fluctuating selection pressures. Here, we explore the interaction of temporal and spatial change in determining the evolutionary dynamics of phenotypic switching. We find that spatial variation in selection is important; when selection pressures are similar across space, migration can decrease the rate of switching, but when selection pressures differ spatially, increasing migration between demes can facilitate the evolution of higher rates of switching. These results may help explain the diverse array of non-genetic contributions to phenotypic variability and phenotypic inheritance observed in both wild and experimental populations.
随机切换是表型风险对冲的一个例子，在波动的环境中，个体可以在不同的表型状态之间切换。虽然已经研究了环境随时间变化时随机切换的进化，但在空间和时间波动的选择压力下，关于表型切换进化的理论研究很少。在这里，我们探讨了时间和空间变化在决定表型切换进化动态中的相互作用。我们发现选择的空间变化很重要；当空间上的选择压力相似时，迁移可以降低切换速率，但当选择压力在空间上不同时，增加种群间的迁移可以促进更高切换速率的进化。这些结果可能有助于解释在野生和实验种群中观察到的对表型变异性和表型遗传的各种非遗传贡献。
