López Beatriz
Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry I Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DY, UK,
J Autism Dev Disord. 2015 Jan;45(1):31-41. doi: 10.1007/s10803-013-1966-9.
Autism is a developmental disorder defined by social and communication impairments. Current theoretical approaches and research studies however conceptualise autism as both static and independent from the social context in which it develops. Two lines of research stand out from this general trend. First, research from the neuroconstructivist approach of Karmiloff-Smith (Hum Brain Mapp 31:934-941, 2010) aims to establish developmental trajectories of cognitive impairments in autism over time. Second, studies from intersubjective approaches such as that of Hobson (The cradle of thought, Macmillan, London, 2002) focus on the influence of emotional engagement in cognitive impairments. Although these two lines of research have made an invaluable contribution towards our understanding of autism, both offer only partial explanations: Intersubjective approaches fail to provide a developmental perspective and the neuroconstructivist model neglects the role of the social context. This paper argues that the nature of autism demands the theoretical and methodological integration of these two approaches so that developmental and social aspects are investigated in tandem.
自闭症是一种由社交和沟通障碍所定义的发育障碍。然而，当前的理论方法和研究将自闭症概念化为静态的，且独立于其发展的社会背景。在这一总体趋势中，有两条研究路线格外突出。第一，卡米洛夫 - 史密斯的神经建构主义方法（《人类大脑图谱》31:934 - 941, 2010）的研究旨在确立自闭症认知障碍随时间推移的发展轨迹。第二，诸如霍布森（《思想的摇篮》，麦克米伦出版社，伦敦，2002）的主体间性方法的研究聚焦于情感参与对认知障碍的影响。尽管这两条研究路线对我们理解自闭症做出了不可估量的贡献，但两者都只提供了部分解释：主体间性方法未能提供发展视角，而神经建构主义模型忽视了社会背景的作用。本文认为，自闭症的本质要求将这两种方法进行理论和方法上的整合，以便同时研究发展和社会方面。
