Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Horm Metab Res. 2013 Dec;45(13):919-27. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1355399. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
Reproductive maturation and function are sensitive to the metabolic state of the organism and the magnitude of body fuel reserves; hence, conditions ranging from energy insufficiency to morbid obesity impact the timing of puberty and are frequently linked to fertility problems. This phenomenon is the result of the close interplay between a diversity of nutritional cues and metabolic signals (including hormones) with different elements of the so-called hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In this review, we will focus our attention on the 'reproductive' roles of 2 key metabolic hormones, namely, the adipose signal, leptin, and the gut hormone, ghrelin. These 2 factors, which have been proposed to operate as functional antagonists in the control of metabolism and energy homeostasis, are also provided with important, and in many cases opposite, roles in the regulation of puberty onset and gonadal function. We will provide herein an update view of the reproductive effects of leptin and ghrelin, with a major emphasis on the actions of these 2 key hormones upon the central elements of the HPG axis, including their putative effects on Kiss1 and other reproductive neuronal networks. This will help to understand the mechanisms whereby reproductive function is gated and dynamically regulated by metabolic signals at different key developmental stages, such as puberty and adulthood.
生殖成熟和功能对机体的代谢状态和体燃料储备的量敏感；因此，从能量不足到病态肥胖的各种情况都会影响青春期的时间，并经常与生育问题有关。这种现象是多种营养线索和代谢信号（包括激素）与所谓的下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴的不同元素之间密切相互作用的结果。在这篇综述中，我们将把注意力集中在 2 种关键代谢激素的“生殖”作用上，即脂肪信号瘦素和肠道激素胃饥饿素。这 2 种因素被认为在代谢和能量平衡的控制中作为功能拮抗剂发挥作用，它们在青春期启动和性腺功能的调节中也具有重要的、且在许多情况下相反的作用。我们将在此提供瘦素和胃饥饿素的生殖作用的最新观点，主要强调这 2 种关键激素对 HPG 轴的中枢元素的作用，包括它们对 Kiss1 和其他生殖神经元网络的可能作用。这将有助于了解生殖功能如何通过代谢信号在不同的关键发育阶段（如青春期和成年期）进行门控和动态调节的机制。
