Department of Radiotherapy, Vivantes Medical Center Berlin-Neukölln, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Hematology/Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle/Saale 06120, Germany.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Jan 5;722:165-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.069. Epub 2013 Oct 21.
Radiation induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) is a frequent complication of radiotherapy and still often underestimated by radiation oncologists. Fractionated RT may involve up to 40 fractions over a 6-8 weeks period, and prolonged symptoms of nausea and vomiting affect quality of life. Approximately, 50-80 percent of patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) will experience these symptoms if no appropriate prophylaxis is applied. The incidence and severity are influenced by the specific RT regimen and by patient-specific factors. Patients should receive antiemetic prophylaxis as suggested by the international antiemetic guidelines based upon a risk assessment, taking especially into account the planned radiotherapy regimen. In this field the guideline from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)/European Society of Clinical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Medical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines are wildly endorsed. The emetogenicity of radiotherapy regimens and recommendations for the appropriate use of antiemetics including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonists and steroids will be discussed in regard to the applied radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy regimen.
放射性恶心和呕吐（RINV）是放射治疗的常见并发症，放射肿瘤学家往往对此估计不足。分次放射治疗可能涉及 6-8 周内多达 40 次的治疗，并且恶心和呕吐的长期症状会影响生活质量。如果没有适当的预防措施，大约 50-80%接受放射治疗（RT）的患者会出现这些症状。发病率和严重程度受特定的 RT 方案和患者特定因素的影响。应根据国际止吐指南基于风险评估向患者提供止吐预防措施，特别要考虑到计划的放疗方案。在这一领域，多国支持治疗癌症协会（MASCC）/欧洲临床肿瘤学会（ESMO）和美国临床肿瘤学会（ASCO）的指南得到了广泛认可。将讨论放射治疗方案的致吐性以及包括 5-羟色胺（5-HT3）受体拮抗剂和类固醇在内的止吐药的适当使用建议，这些建议与应用的放射治疗或放化疗方案有关。
