Universidade do Porto, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Quimicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Appl Spectrosc. 2013 Nov;67(11):1215-33. doi: 10.1366/13-07228.
Industry has created the need for a cost-effective and nondestructive quality-control analysis system. This requirement has increased interest in near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, leading to the development and marketing of handheld devices that enable new applications that can be implemented in situ. Portable NIR spectrometers are powerful instruments offering several advantages for nondestructive, online, or in situ analysis: small size, low cost, robustness, simplicity of analysis, sample user interface, portability, and ergonomic design. Several studies of on-site NIR applications are presented: characterization of internal and external parameters of fruits and vegetables; conservation state and fat content of meat and fish; distinguishing among and quality evaluation of beverages and dairy products; protein content of cereals; evaluation of grape ripeness in vineyards; and soil analysis. Chemometrics is an essential part of NIR spectroscopy manipulation because wavelength-dependent scattering effects, instrumental noise, ambient effects, and other sources of variability may complicate the spectra. As a consequence, it is difficult to assign specific absorption bands to specific functional groups. To achieve useful and meaningful results, multivariate statistical techniques (essentially involving regression techniques coupled with spectral preprocessing) are therefore required to extract the information hidden in the spectra. This work reviews the evolution of the use of portable near-infrared spectrometers in the agro-food industry.
行业需求催生了一种经济高效且无损的质量控制分析系统。这种需求提高了人们对近红外（NIR）光谱学的兴趣，推动了手持式设备的开发和营销，从而实现了新的应用，这些应用可以在现场实施。便携式近红外光谱仪是一种功能强大的仪器，在无损、在线或现场分析方面具有几个优势：体积小、成本低、坚固耐用、分析简单、样品用户界面、便携性和符合人体工程学的设计。本文介绍了一些现场近红外应用的研究：水果和蔬菜内部和外部参数的表征；肉类和鱼类的保存状态和脂肪含量；饮料和乳制品的区分和质量评估；谷物的蛋白质含量；葡萄园葡萄成熟度的评估；以及土壤分析。化学计量学是近红外光谱操作的一个重要组成部分，因为波长相关的散射效应、仪器噪声、环境影响和其他变异性源可能会使光谱复杂化。因此，很难将特定的吸收带分配给特定的官能团。为了获得有用且有意义的结果，需要使用多元统计技术（本质上涉及与光谱预处理相结合的回归技术）来提取隐藏在光谱中的信息。本文综述了便携式近红外光谱仪在农业食品工业中的应用演变。
