Center for Human Nutrition and Atkins Center of Excellence in Obesity Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 May;22(5):E13-20. doi: 10.1002/oby.20649. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery causes greater weight loss than laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). We tested the hypothesis that RYGB has weight loss-independent effects on taste perception, which influence eating behavior and contribute to the greater weight loss.
Subjects were studied before and after ∼20% weight loss induced by RYGB (n = 17) or LAGB (n = 10). The following have been evaluated: taste sensitivity for sweet, salty and savory stimuli, sucrose and monosodium glutamate (MSG) preferences, sweetness palatability, eating behavior, and expression of taste-related genes in biopsies of fungiform papillae.
Weight loss induced by both procedures caused the same decrease in: preferred sucrose concentration (-12 ± 10%), perceived sweetness of sucrose (-7 ± 5%), cravings for sweets and fast-foods (-22 ± 5%), influence of emotions (-27 ± 5%), and external food cues (-30 ± 4%) on eating behavior, and expression of α-gustducin in fungiform papillae (all P values <0.05). RYGB, but not LAGB, shifted sweetness palatability from pleasant to unpleasant when repetitively tasting sucrose (P = 0.05). Neither procedure affected taste detection thresholds nor MSG preferences.
LAGB and RYGB cause similar alterations in eating behaviors, when weight loss is matched. These changes in eating behavior were not associated with changes in taste sensitivity, suggesting other, as yet unknown, mechanisms are involved.
胃旁路术（RYGB）比腹腔镜可调节胃束带术（LAGB）引起更大的体重减轻。我们检验了一个假设，即 RYGB 对味觉感知有独立于体重减轻的影响，这些影响会影响进食行为，并有助于更大程度的体重减轻。
在 RYGB（n=17）或 LAGB（n=10）诱导约 20%体重减轻前后，对受试者进行了研究。评估了以下内容：对甜、咸和鲜味刺激的味觉敏感性、蔗糖和谷氨酸单钠（MSG）偏好、甜味可口性、进食行为以及菌状乳头中与味觉相关基因的表达。
两种程序引起的体重减轻都导致以下情况相同的减少：偏好的蔗糖浓度（-12±10%）、蔗糖的感知甜度（-7±5%）、对甜食和快餐的渴望（-22±5%）、情绪的影响（-27±5%）和外部食物线索（-30±4%）对进食行为的影响，以及菌状乳头中α-味觉蛋白的表达（所有 P 值均<0.05）。RYGB 而不是 LAGB，在反复品尝蔗糖时，将甜味可口性从愉快转变为不愉快（P=0.05）。两种程序均不影响味觉检测阈值或 MSG 偏好。
当体重减轻相匹配时，LAGB 和 RYGB 引起相似的进食行为改变。这些进食行为的变化与味觉敏感性的变化无关，表明涉及其他未知的机制。
