Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil,
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;752:161-80. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8887-3_8.
The majority of beef cow herds in South America are constituted by Bos indicus females, which have particular reproductive features that contribute to reduced reproductive efficiency compared with that of B. taurus cohorts. Hence, several alternatives to enhance reproductive efficiency of B. indicus heifers and cows have been developed to address their inherent reproductive shortcomings. These research-based technologies are being described in detail within this chapter and have already made an impact on South American B. indicus-based production systems. These include the following: (a) hormonal protocols to induce puberty in nulliparous heifers or estrous cyclicity in postpartum cows to maximize their reproductive performance during the subsequent breeding season, (b) hormonal protocols to synchronize estrus and/or ovulation in B. indicus females to exploit their reproductive responses to artificial insemination, and (c) genetic and environmental factors that influence reproductive success in beef herds, including reproductive diseases and excitable temperament of B. indicus females, that have been investigated to support/promote the development of appropriate mitigation technologies.
南美洲大多数肉牛群由瘤牛（Bos indicus）母畜组成，其具有特定的生殖特征，与瘤牛（B. taurus）相比，导致繁殖效率降低。因此，已经开发了几种方法来提高瘤牛小母牛和母牛的繁殖效率，以解决其固有的生殖缺陷。这些基于研究的技术在本章中进行了详细描述，并且已经对南美洲基于瘤牛的生产系统产生了影响。这些方法包括：（a）激素方案，用于诱导初产小母牛的发情或产后母牛的发情周期，以在随后的配种季节最大限度地提高其繁殖性能，（b）激素方案，用于同步瘤牛母畜的发情和/或排卵，以利用其对人工授精的生殖反应，以及（c）影响肉牛群繁殖成功的遗传和环境因素，包括生殖疾病和瘤牛母畜的易激动性情，已经进行了研究，以支持/促进适当缓解技术的开发。
