Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, Spain.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;63(3):223-8. doi: 10.1159/000348673. Epub 2013 Oct 26.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood is increasing markedly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical activity, energy consumption and weight status in a cohort of Spanish children.
A total of 137 children (11-13 years old) participated in the study voluntarily (with paternal consent). Children were classified into 3 groups according to their physical activity, i.e. sedentary, active and sporty groups. Body composition measures, physical fitness and total caloric and macronutrient intake were determined.
Weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness measures and body fat percentage of children were lower in the active children, whereas body water content increased with activity. Nutritional habits were similar in the 3 studied groups. No significant differences in total energy intake or percentage of carbohydrates, fat and proteins were found. All parameters related to caloric expenditure were higher in children carrying out more physical activity.
Children with higher levels of physical activity presented more favorable anthropometric profiles, but there were no differences in respect to their dietary habits. An increase in weekly energy expenditure through physical activity outside school seems essential to prevent overweight and the risk of childhood obesity.
背景/目的：儿童超重和肥胖的患病率显著增加。本研究的目的是评估西班牙儿童队列中体力活动、能量消耗与体重状况之间的关系。
共有 137 名儿童（11-13 岁）自愿参加了这项研究（经父亲同意）。根据他们的体力活动情况，儿童被分为 3 组，即久坐组、活跃组和运动组。测定了身体成分、体适能以及总热量和宏量营养素的摄入。
与久坐儿童相比，活跃儿童的体重、体重指数、腰围、皮褶厚度和体脂百分比较低，而身体水分含量随着活动的增加而增加。3 个研究组的营养习惯相似。在总能量摄入或碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的百分比方面没有发现显著差异。与体力活动量较大的儿童相比，所有与热量消耗有关的参数都较高。
体力活动水平较高的儿童呈现出更有利的人体测量特征，但在饮食习惯方面没有差异。通过在校外进行更多的体育活动来增加每周的能量消耗，对于预防超重和儿童肥胖的风险是至关重要的。
