Effects on heterozygosity and reproductive fitness of inbreeding with and without selection on fitness in Drosophila melanogaster.

The effects of inbreeding, with (IS) and without selection (IO) for reproductive fitness, on inbreeding depression and heterozygosity were evaluated in 20 lines of each treatment inbred over seven generations using full-sib mating. The survival of lines was significantly greater in IS (20/20) than in IO (15/20). The competitive index measure of reproductive fitness was significantly lower in the inbred lines than in the outbred base population, but not significantly different in surviving IS and IO lines. There was a trend for higher fitness in the IS treatment as relative fitnesses were 19% higher in IS than IO for surviving lines and 59% higher for all lines. Heterozygosities were lower in the inbred lines than in the base population, and significantly higher in the IS than the IO lines. Consequently, the reduction of inbreeding depression in IS has been achieved, at least in part, by slowing the rate of fixation.