Roff D A, Mousseau T A
Heredity (Edinb). 1987 Feb;58 ( Pt 1):103-18. doi: 10.1038/hdy.1987.15.
This paper examines patterns of heritability and genetic covariance between traits in the genus Drosophila. Traits are divided into the categories, morphology, behaviour, physiology and life history. Early theoretical analyses suggested that life history traits should have heritabilities that are lower than those in other categories. Variable pleiotrophy, environmental variation, mutation and niche variation may, however, maintain high heritabilities. In Drosophila the heritabilities of life history traits are lower than morphological or physiological traits but may exceed 20 per cent. The pattern of variation in the heritability of behavioural traits is similar to that of life history traits. Genetic covariance between morphological traits and between morphological and life history traits are all positive but those between life history traits have variable sign. Negative covariance between traits supports the variable pleiotropy hypothesis but other factors such as environmental heterogeneity, or mutation cannot be excluded.
本文研究了果蝇属性状之间的遗传力模式和遗传协方差。性状分为形态学、行为学、生理学和生活史几类。早期的理论分析表明，生活史性状的遗传力应低于其他类别。然而，可变的多效性、环境变异、突变和生态位变异可能会维持较高的遗传力。在果蝇中，生活史性状的遗传力低于形态学或生理学性状，但可能超过20%。行为性状遗传力的变化模式与生活史性状相似。形态学性状之间以及形态学和生活史性状之间的遗传协方差均为正，但生活史性状之间的遗传协方差符号可变。性状之间的负协方差支持可变多效性假说，但不能排除其他因素，如环境异质性或突变。
