El-Sadik Abir Oueida
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Scientific Research Unit, Female Health Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Stem Cells Cloning. 2010 Dec 6;3:183-91. doi: 10.2147/SCCAA.S14626.
Stem cells are believed to hold enormous promise as potential replacement therapy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Stem cells were investigated to be the alternative therapeutic source capable of differentiating into dopamine (DA) neurons. Multiple important signaling factors were recorded for the induction of DA neuronal traits from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as fibroblast growth factor 8, sonic hedgehog, and Wnt 1. Recent protocols were described for the differentiation of human ESCs into DA neurons, achieving high efficiency of DA neuronal derivation. Despite that, the use of human ESCs is still ethically controversial. The transcription factors necessary for DA neuron development from adult neural stem cells (NSCs), such as Pitx3, Nurr1, En-1, En-2, Lmx1a, Lmx1b, Msx1, and Ngn2, were investigated. In addition to replacement of lost DA neurons, adult NSCs were recorded to provide neuroprotective and neurogenic factors for the mesencephalon. In addition, induced pluripotent stem cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells represent reliable stem cell sources of DA neurons. Future studies are recommended to provide further insight into the regenerative capacity of stem cells needed for the treatment of PD.
干细胞被认为在治疗帕金森病（PD）等神经退行性疾病方面作为潜在替代疗法具有巨大前景。干细胞被研究作为能够分化为多巴胺（DA）神经元的替代治疗来源。记录了多种重要信号因子用于从小鼠胚胎干细胞（ESC）诱导DA神经元特性，如成纤维细胞生长因子8、音猬因子和Wnt 1。描述了最近将人ESC分化为DA神经元的方案，实现了高效的DA神经元诱导。尽管如此，使用人ESC在伦理上仍存在争议。研究了从成年神经干细胞（NSC）发育为DA神经元所需的转录因子，如Pitx3、Nurr1、En-1、En-2、Lmx1a、Lmx1b、Msx1和Ngn2。除了替代丢失的DA神经元外，还记录到成年NSC为中脑提供神经保护和神经发生因子。此外，诱导多能干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞是DA神经元可靠的干细胞来源。建议未来的研究进一步深入了解治疗PD所需干细胞的再生能力。
