Kim Jiyoun, Yeo Sara K, Brossard Dominique, Scheufele Dietram A, Xenos Michael A
Department of Life Sciences Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Risk Anal. 2014 May;34(5):965-80. doi: 10.1111/risa.12141. Epub 2013 Nov 6.
Using nanotechnology as a case study, this article explores (1) how people's perceptions of benefits and risks are related to their approval of nanotechnology, (2) which information-processing factors contribute to public risk/benefit perceptions, and (3) whether individuals' predispositions (i.e., deference to scientific authority and ideology) may moderate the relationship between cognitive processing and risk perceptions of the technology. Results indicate that benefit perceptions positively affect public support for nanotechnology; perceptions of risk tend to be more influenced by systematic processing than by heuristic cues, whereas both heuristic and systematic processing influence benefit perceptions. People who are more liberal-minded tend to be more affected by systematic processing when thinking about the benefits of nanotechnology than those who are more conservative. Compared to less deferent individuals, those who are more deferent to scientific authority tend to be less influenced by systematic processing when making judgments about the benefits and risks of nanotechnology. Implications are discussed.
本文以纳米技术为例进行研究，探讨了以下几个方面：（1）人们对纳米技术益处和风险的认知如何与他们对纳米技术的认可相关；（2）哪些信息处理因素会影响公众对风险/益处的认知；（3）个体的倾向（即对科学权威和意识形态的尊重）是否会调节认知处理与该技术风险认知之间的关系。结果表明，对益处的认知会积极影响公众对纳米技术的支持；风险认知往往受系统加工的影响大于启发式线索，而启发式加工和系统加工都会影响对益处的认知。思想更开放的人在思考纳米技术的益处时，往往比思想更保守的人更容易受到系统加工的影响。与不太尊重科学权威的个体相比，那些更尊重科学权威的人在判断纳米技术的益处和风险时，往往受系统加工的影响较小。文中还讨论了相关影响。
