Delaere K P
Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 1986 Feb;17(1):3-7.
There is no correlation between the size of the prostate and the degree of infravesical obstruction or related micturition disorders. If, however, benign prostatic hyperplasia results in bladder outlet obstruction, secondary detrusor hyperreflexia may develop. This bladder dysfunction persists postoperatively in a quarter of the patients treated. When in senile men the symptoms of detrusor instability or detrusor hyperreflexia are in the foreground, then it is very important from the point of view of differential diagnosis to know exactly whether the detrusor dysfunction is due to either outlet obstruction or cerebral insufficiency. Measurement of the sacral latency might be able to answer this question. If the voiding complaints are secondary to outflow obstruction and the neurophysiological parameters of the sacral reflex arc are within normal limits, then it may be assumed that the associated bladder instability (together with the bladder outlet obstruction) may disappear after prostatectomy or TUR of the prostate. In the case of a prostatic carcinoma with outflow obstruction, it seems preferable to start endocrine therapy, rather than to perform a TUR of the prostate. In a large number of cases, endocrine therapy will be able to reduce the size of the prostate and relieve the outflow obstruction. In patients with excessive operation risks, simple endoscopic bladder neck incision or suprapubic puncture cystostomy may prove valuable alternatives to TUR of the prostate.
前列腺大小与膀胱颈以下梗阻程度或相关排尿障碍之间无相关性。然而,如果良性前列腺增生导致膀胱出口梗阻,则可能会出现继发性逼尿肌反射亢进。在接受治疗的患者中,四分之一的患者术后这种膀胱功能障碍仍会持续。当老年男性以逼尿肌不稳定或逼尿肌反射亢进症状为主时,从鉴别诊断的角度来看,确切了解逼尿肌功能障碍是由出口梗阻还是脑供血不足引起非常重要。测量骶神经潜伏期或许能够回答这个问题。如果排尿主诉继发于流出道梗阻且骶神经反射弧的神经生理参数在正常范围内,那么可以推测相关的膀胱不稳定(连同膀胱出口梗阻)在前列腺切除或经尿道前列腺电切术后可能会消失。对于伴有流出道梗阻的前列腺癌患者,似乎首选内分泌治疗,而非进行经尿道前列腺电切术。在大量病例中,内分泌治疗将能够缩小前列腺体积并缓解流出道梗阻。对于手术风险过高的患者,单纯内镜下膀胱颈切开术或耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术可能是经尿道前列腺电切术的有价值替代方案。