Institute for Anthropological Research, Gajeva 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Institute for Anthropological Research, Gajeva 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Econ Hum Biol. 2014 Mar;13:155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Oct 9.
Most studies analysing the influence of socioeconomic deterioration on body size focus on the impact of food shortages and diseases on the growth in early childhood. To evaluate how socioeconomic conditions influence the growth during the adolescence, we tracked the body size of 15-19 year-olds over the last sixty years covering the socialist period (1951-1990), the war (1991-1995) and the transition to capitalistic economy. This study of Zagreb, Croatia, adolescent population provides information on the secular trend in height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) and examines their relation with Real Gross Domestic Product. From 1951 to 2010 the girls' height approximately increased by 6.2cm and weight by 6.8kg, while the boys' height increased by 12.2cm and weight by 17.3kg. Prior to 1991 mean BMI in girls was higher than in boys, but from 1991 on, the interrelation between the sexes has been opposite, possibly mirroring the cultural trends that started in mid-1970s and reflecting higher sensitivity of boys to the socioeconomic changes. In conclusion, the secular trend in body size over the investigated period reflects the positive economic trends interrupted by the war. The recent increase in BMI corresponds to the country's economic recovery and indicates the "nutrition transition".
大多数分析社会经济恶化对体型影响的研究都集中在食物短缺和疾病对儿童早期生长的影响上。为了评估社会经济条件如何影响青春期的生长，我们跟踪了过去六十年中 15-19 岁青少年的体型，包括社会主义时期（1951-1990 年）、战争时期（1991-1995 年）和向资本主义经济过渡时期。这项对克罗地亚萨格勒布青少年人群的研究提供了身高、体重和体重指数（BMI）的长期趋势信息，并研究了它们与实际国内生产总值（GDP）的关系。从 1951 年到 2010 年，女孩的身高增加了约 6.2 厘米，体重增加了 6.8 公斤，而男孩的身高增加了 12.2 厘米，体重增加了 17.3 公斤。1991 年之前，女孩的平均 BMI 高于男孩，但从 1991 年开始，性别之间的关系发生了逆转，这可能反映了 20 世纪 70 年代中期开始的文化趋势，并反映了男孩对社会经济变化的更高敏感性。总之，在研究期间，体型的长期趋势反映了被战争打断的积极经济趋势。最近 BMI 的增加与国家的经济复苏相对应，并表明了“营养转型”。
