Clinic for Children and Youth, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
Team Projects, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warszawa, Poland.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 1;14(8):e0220514. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220514. eCollection 2019.
The aim of the study was to determine changes in the magnitude and direction of secular trends in body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage in university students from a university of technology and a university of physical education in a period of 50 years.
The data were derived from the examinations of male students from the Warsaw University of Technology, conducted four times, in 1959, 1971, 1994, 2011, and male students from the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, who were examined in 1963, 1972, 1996, and 2012. Body height, body weight and thickness of 2 skinfolds (triceps skinfold and abdomen skinfold) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage (FAT%) were also calculated.
Current university students are taller and heavier than their peers from the previous decades, with BMI remaining within the reference range. A substantial increase in fat percentage was found in both groups. Over the period of fifty years, mean fat percentage in students from the university of technology increased by 6.3% (F1,3 = 116.56, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.3736), whereas this increase in the students from the university of physical education rose by 3.5% (F1,3 = 72.94, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.3181).
Changes in secular trends in the students from both universities are likely to be linked to the dynamic economic and systematic transformation in Poland observed in the period of the last 50 years. The period of economic transformations in the last decade was more conducive to physical development of university students than the previous period of economic crises.
本研究旨在确定在 50 年的时间里，一所技术大学和一所体育大学的大学生的身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）和体脂百分比的长期变化趋势的幅度和方向。
数据来自华沙技术大学的男学生四次体检，分别在 1959 年、1971 年、1994 年和 2011 年进行，以及华沙体育大学的男学生四次体检，分别在 1963 年、1972 年、1996 年和 2012 年进行。测量了身高、体重和 2 个皮褶厚度（三头肌皮褶和腹部皮褶）。还计算了体重指数（BMI）和体脂百分比（FAT%）。
目前的大学生比前几十年的同龄人更高更重，BMI 仍在参考范围内。两组学生的体脂百分比都有显著增加。在这 50 年的时间里，技术大学学生的平均体脂百分比增加了 6.3%（F1,3 = 116.56，p < 0.001，η2 = 0.3736），而体育大学学生的这一增长幅度为 3.5%（F1,3 = 72.94，p < 0.001，η2 = 0.3181）。
两所大学学生的长期变化趋势的变化可能与波兰在过去 50 年观察到的动态经济和系统转型有关。与前一个经济危机时期相比，过去十年的经济转型时期更有利于大学生的身体发展。
