J Environ Qual. 2013 Jul;42(4):1039-45. doi: 10.2134/jeq2012.0473.
The USEPA emission factor (AP-42) of fugitive road dust (FRD) is widely used in establishing emission inventories. However, road silt loading sampling for AP-42 is expensive, time consuming, and dangerous. Therefore, a new method for establishing emission inventories based on road dust-fall (DF) monitors is described. Between January 2006 and December 2010, DF was monitored at 40 sites (80 samples), and background dust fall (DF) was monitored at 14 sites in the Beijing metropolitan area. Also during this period, 58 samples of road silt loadings were taken and used in the AP-42 emission factor equation to calculate FRD with particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter [FRD(PM)] emission from the roads. Simultaneous measurement of FRD(PM) emissions calculated by AP-42 and ΔDF (i.e., the difference between the DF and DF) measured using gauges showed that the FRD(PM) emission for road dust was proportional to the ΔDF ( = 0.92). The FRD(PM) emission (kg km × 30 d) was calculated using the monitored ΔDF (t km × 30 d) by the formulation FRD(PM) = 278.3 × ΔDF - 1151.2. The ΔDF showed a general decline from 2006 to 2010. In particular, there was a sharp decline in August, September, and October 2008 due to strict dust controls enforced during the 2008 Olympic Games. Although there was a small increase in ΔDF after the Games, by the end of 2010 values were still lower than those before the Games. Using the 2006 ΔDF value as a benchmark, ΔDF values declined by 24.7, 33.0, 38.3, and 31.4% in 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Based on using AP-42 calculations from silt loading and traffic information in 2007, the FRD(PM) emission distribution in the Beijing metropolitan area was mapped, and there were 2.05 × 10 tons of FRD(PM) emitted in 2007. The FRD(PM) from 2006 to 2010 was calculated by the ΔDF values.
美国环保署（USEPA）的逸散性道路尘埃（FRD）排放因子（AP-42）广泛应用于排放清单的建立。然而，AP-42 用于道路泥沙负荷采样的费用昂贵、耗时且危险。因此，本文提出了一种基于道路尘埃沉降（DF）监测器建立排放清单的新方法。在 2006 年 1 月至 2010 年 12 月期间，在北京市区的 40 个地点（80 个样本）监测了 DF，在 14 个地点监测了背景尘埃沉降（DF）。在此期间，还采集了 58 个道路泥沙负荷样本，并应用于 AP-42 排放因子方程，以计算直径≤10μm 的颗粒物 FRD（PM）的排放量。AP-42 计算的 FRD（PM）排放量与使用监测器测量的 DF（即 DF 与背景尘埃沉降的差值）同时测量，结果表明道路尘的 FRD（PM）排放量与ΔDF（=0.92）成正比。根据监测的ΔDF（t km×30d），通过公式 FRD（PM）=278.3×ΔDF-1151.2，计算 FRD（PM）的排放量（kg km×30d）。ΔDF 从 2006 年到 2010 年呈总体下降趋势。特别是 2008 年 8 月、9 月和 10 月，由于在 2008 年奥运会期间实施了严格的扬尘控制措施，下降幅度更为明显。尽管奥运会后ΔDF 略有增加，但到 2010 年底，其值仍低于奥运会前。以 2006 年的ΔDF 值为基准，2007 年、2008 年、2009 年和 2010 年ΔDF 值分别下降了 24.7%、33.0%、38.3%和 31.4%。根据 2007 年泥沙负荷和交通信息的 AP-42 计算，绘制了北京市区的 FRD（PM）排放分布图，2007 年 FRD（PM）排放量为 2.05×10 吨。2006 年至 2010 年 FRD（PM）排放量通过ΔDF 值计算得出。
