Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Mar;184(3):1693-709. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2071-1. Epub 2011 May 11.
The contribution of fugitive dust from traffic to air pollution can no longer be ignored in China. In order to obtain the road dust loadings and to understand the chemical characteristics of PM(10) and PM(2.5) from typical road dust, different paved roads in eight districts of Beijing were selected for dust collection during the four seasons of 2005. Ninety-eight samples from 28 roads were obtained. The samples were resuspended using equipment assembled to simulate the rising process of road dust caused by the wind or wheels in order to obtain the PM(10) and PM(2.5) filter samples. The average road dust loading was 3.82 g m(-2), with the highest of 24.22 g m(-2) being in Hutongs in the rural-urban continuum during winter. The road dust loadings on higher-grade roads were lower than those on lower-grade roads. Attention should be paid to the pollution in the rural-urban continuum areas. The sums of element abundances measured were 16.17% and 18.50% for PM(10) and PM(2.5) in road dust. The average abundances of OC and EC in PM(10) and PM(2.5) in road dust were 11.52%, 2.01% and 12.50%, 2.06%, respectively. The abundance of elements, water-soluble ions, and OC, EC in PM(10) and PM(2.5) resuspended from road dust did not change greatly with seasons and road types. The soil dust, construction dust, dust emitted from burning coal, vehicle exhaust, and deposition of particles in the air were the main sources of road dust in Beijing. Affected by the application of snow-melting agents in Beijing during winter, the amount of Cl( - ) and Na( + ) was much higher during that time than in the other seasons. This will have a certain influence on roads, bridges, vegetations, and groundwater.
交通扬尘对空气污染的贡献在中国已不容忽视。为了获取道路尘负荷量并了解典型道路扬尘中 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)的化学特征，2005 年四季在北京 8 个区的不同铺砌道路上采集了道路尘样品。共采集了 28 条道路的 98 个样品。使用组装的设备将这些样品重新悬浮，以模拟道路尘因风或车轮扬起的过程，从而获得 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)的滤膜样品。平均道路尘负荷量为 3.82 g·m(-2)，冬季城乡过渡带胡同区的最高值达 24.22 g·m(-2)。高等级道路上的道路尘负荷量低于低等级道路上的。城乡过渡带地区的污染应引起重视。道路尘中 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)元素丰度的总和分别为 16.17%和 18.50%。道路尘中 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)中 OC 和 EC 的平均含量分别为 11.52%、2.01%和 12.50%、2.06%。从道路尘中重新扬起的 PM(10)和 PM(2.5)中的元素、水溶性离子和 OC、EC 含量在不同季节和道路类型之间变化不大。土壤尘、建筑尘、燃煤排放尘、汽车尾气和空气中颗粒的沉积是北京道路尘的主要来源。受北京冬季融雪剂应用的影响，该季节 Cl(-)和 Na(+)的含量远高于其他季节，这将对道路、桥梁、植被和地下水产生一定影响。
