Institute for Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Postfach 70 05 62, D-7000, Stuttgart 70, FRG.
Theor Appl Genet. 1990 May;79(5):713-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00226888.
To increase the level and stability of yield in faba beans (Vicia faba L.), heterosis must be exploited. Hybrids are not available because of the instability of male sterility. Synthetic varieties can and should be bred. Thus, we studied the reproductive behavior of this partially allogamous, insect-pollinated crop. Autofertility (AF) and the rate of cross-fertilization (C) were measured in 36 inbred lines and 28 crosses in F1, F2, and F3 generations for 3 years at Hohenheim, Stuttgart, FRG. Heterozygosity strongly increased AF and decreased C. AF was negatively correlated with C. AF varied from 1% to 98%, and C varied from 7% to 82%. Heritability for both characters was high. For an optimum exploitation of heterosis, breeders should utilize lines with high C as variety components. It is often labor-intensive to multiply such lines, due to low AF. Hence, breeders tend to use autofertile lines with rather limited C. We showed that even in this case about 50% of the total heterosis, which equals a yield increase of at least 25% over the inbred line level, is realized. An increase in yield stability due to heterogeneity will occur simultaneously.
为了提高蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）的产量和稳定性，必须利用杂种优势。由于雄性不育的不稳定性，无法生产杂种。可以而且应该培育合成品种。因此，我们研究了这种部分异花授粉、昆虫授粉作物的繁殖行为。在德国斯图加特霍恩海姆，我们在 3 年内测量了 36 个自交系和 28 个 F1、F2 和 F3 代杂交的自交亲和率（AF）和异交率（C）。杂合性强烈增加了 AF 并降低了 C。AF 与 C 呈负相关。AF 从 1%变化到 98%，C 从 7%变化到 82%。这两个性状的遗传力都很高。为了最大限度地利用杂种优势，育种者应该利用具有高 C 的系作为品种成分。由于 AF 较低，繁殖这些系通常需要大量的劳动力。因此，育种者倾向于使用自交亲和性的系，但其 C 有限。我们表明，即使在这种情况下，也可以实现约 50%的总杂种优势，这相当于比自交系水平至少增加 25%的产量。由于异质性，产量稳定性也会同时提高。
