Holt Lucy, Tickle Anna
University of Nottingham and Derbyshire Healthcare Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK.
Psychol Psychother. 2014 Sep;87(3):278-97. doi: 10.1111/papt.12017. Epub 2013 Nov 14.
The purpose of this review was to identify, appraise, and synthesize the current peer-reviewed qualitative literature which explores the phenomenon of hearing voices from a first person perspective.
A comprehensive systematic search of the literature was conducted. Seven studies utilizing various qualitative methodologies met the criteria to be included in the synthesis. An appraisal tool (Walsh & Downe, 2005, J. Adv. Nurs., 50, 204-211) was used to assess their quality. A meta-ethnographic approach was used to synthesize the data extracted from them.
The interpretation of the findings suggested five key themes: identity of the voice(s), power of the voice(s), impact of hearing voices on relationships, relationship with the voice(s), and the distinction between thoughts and voices. The identity of the voices seemed inextricably linked to the perceived power the voice(s) wielded over the voice hearer. The quality of the studies included in the synthesis varied greatly.
The findings of this synthesis highlight the importance of the voice hearer's individual frame of reference for understanding their experience. Clinical implications include the need for mental health professionals to explore an individual's understanding of their experience of hearing voices and address the perceived power of the voice(s). Further research is indicated in this area with a focus of improving the quality of qualitative research studying this phenomenon.
There are multiple frames of reference in which to understand an individual's experience of hearing voices. Mental health professionals should attend to the meaning and understanding voice hearers give to the experience.
本综述的目的是识别、评估和综合当前经过同行评审的定性文献，这些文献从第一人称视角探讨幻听现象。
对文献进行了全面系统的检索。七项采用不同定性方法的研究符合纳入综合分析的标准。使用一种评估工具（Walsh & Downe，2005年，《高级护理杂志》，第50卷，204 - 211页）来评估它们的质量。采用元民族志方法对从中提取的数据进行综合分析。
研究结果的解读提出了五个关键主题：幻听的身份、幻听的力量、幻听对人际关系的影响、与幻听的关系以及思想与幻听的区别。幻听的身份似乎与幻听对幻听者施加的感知到的力量有着千丝万缕的联系。纳入综合分析的研究质量差异很大。
本综合分析的结果突出了幻听者的个人参照框架对于理解其经历的重要性。临床意义包括心理健康专业人员需要探究个体对其幻听经历的理解，并应对幻听所感知到的力量。该领域需要进一步开展研究，重点是提高研究这一现象的定性研究的质量。
有多种参照框架可用于理解个体的幻听经历。心理健康专业人员应关注幻听者赋予这种经历的意义和理解。
