脸颊细胞脂肪酸反映了亚麻籽油补充剂期间血液部分的 n-3PUFA：一项对照人体干预研究。
Cheek cell fatty acids reflect n-3 PUFA in blood fractions during linseed oil supplementation: a controlled human intervention study.
机构信息
Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 24, Jena 07743, Germany.
出版信息
Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Nov 14;12:173. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-173.
BACKGROUND
Adequate biomarkers for the dietary supply of fatty acids (FA) are FA of adipose tissue and blood fractions. In human studies, invasive sample collection is unpleasant for subjects. In contrast, cheek cell sampling can be considered as a non-invasive alternative to investigate FA status.The aim of this study was to analyze whether cheek cell FA composition reflect the supplementation of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) using a linseed oil mixture compared to olive oil supplementation. Additionally, it was investigated if cheek cell FA composition correlates with the FA composition of plasma, red blood cells (RBC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and during both interventions.
METHODS
During a 10-week randomized, controlled, double-blind human intervention study, 38 subjects provided cheek cell and blood samples. After a two-week run-in period, the test group (n = 23) received 17 g/d of an ALA-rich linseed oil mixture, while the control group (n = 15) received 17 g/d of an omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated FA (PUFA)-free olive oil. Cheek cells and blood were collected on days 0, 7 and 56 of the 8-week intervention period.
RESULTS
Compared to olive oil, the linseed oil intervention increased ALA and also the endogenously converted long-chain n-3 metabolites eicosatetraenoic-, eicosapentaenoic- and docosapentaenoic acid in cheek cells (P ≤ 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid remained unchanged. Reflecting the treatment, the n-6/n-3 ratio decreased in the test group. In general, cheek cell FA reflected the changes of FA in blood fractions. Independent of treatment, significant correlations (P ≤ 0.05) of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA between cheek cells and plasma, RBC and PBMC were found, except for linoleic acid and ALA.
CONCLUSIONS
The changes in FA composition of cheek cells confirmed that ALA from linseed oil increased endogenously derived n-3 PUFA in cheek cell lipids. These changes in cheek cells and their correlation to the respective FA in blood fractions indicate the cheek cell FA profile as an adequate non-invasive biomarker for short-term n-3 PUFA intake and metabolism. Therefore, cheek cell FA can be used in human intervention studies or large-scale epidemiological studies, especially for assessment of the n-3 PUFA status.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, IDNCT01317290.
背景
评估脂肪酸（FA）膳食供应的适当生物标志物是脂肪组织和血液成分中的 FA。在人体研究中，侵入性样本采集会给研究对象带来不适。相比之下，颊细胞采样可作为一种非侵入性的替代方法来研究 FA 状态。本研究旨在分析与橄榄油补充相比，亚麻籽油混合物补充 α-亚麻酸（ALA）是否会反映在颊细胞 FA 组成中。此外，还研究了在这两种干预措施之前和期间，颊细胞 FA 组成是否与血浆、红细胞（RBC）和外周血单核细胞（PBMC）的 FA 组成相关。
方法
在一项为期 10 周的随机、对照、双盲人体干预研究中，38 名受试者提供了颊细胞和血液样本。在为期两周的洗脱期后，实验组（n=23）每天摄入 17 克富含 ALA 的亚麻籽油混合物，而对照组（n=15）每天摄入 17 克不含 ω-3（n-3）多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的橄榄油。在干预 8 周期间的第 0、7 和 56 天采集颊细胞和血液。
结果
与橄榄油相比，亚麻籽油干预增加了 ALA 以及内源性转化的长链 n-3 代谢物二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸在颊细胞中的含量（P≤0.05）。二十二碳六烯酸保持不变。反映出治疗效果，实验组的 n-6/n-3 比值降低。总的来说，颊细胞 FA 反映了血液成分 FA 的变化。无论治疗与否，在颊细胞和血浆、RBC 和 PBMC 之间都发现了 n-6 PUFA 和 n-3 PUFA 之间存在显著相关性（P≤0.05），除了亚油酸和 ALA。
结论
颊细胞 FA 组成的变化证实，亚麻籽油中的 ALA 增加了内源性衍生的 n-3 PUFA 在颊细胞脂质中的含量。这些颊细胞中的变化及其与血液各部分 FA 的相关性表明，颊细胞 FA 作为一种适当的非侵入性生物标志物，可用于短期 n-3 PUFA 摄入和代谢。因此，颊细胞 FA 可用于人体干预研究或大规模流行病学研究，特别是评估 n-3 PUFA 状态。
试验注册
ClinicalTrials.gov，IDNCT01317290。
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