Oilseeds Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Bangladesh.
Theor Appl Genet. 1989 May;77(5):721-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00261250.
Among the oleiferous Brassicas, B. napus has the highest seed and oil productivity. As it is a species adapted to the temperate regions, its spring type is either unable to flower or flowers too late in the short - day winter (rabi) season of the subtropics. B. napus (genome AACC) is an amphidiploid between B. campestris (AA) and B. oleracea (CC), and shares one genome with the other allotetraploids B. juncea (AABB) and B. carinata (BBCC). While B. napus lacks ecotypes adapted to the subtropics, the other four species are well represented in this climatic zone. Reciprocal crosses with or without one direct backcross to B. napus have been carried out with the intention of transfering short-day adaptability. The aim was to introgress the A genome of carefully selected early representatives of B. campestris and B. juncea with the corresponding genome in B. napus, and similary the C genome from B. oleracea and B. carinata with the analogous genome in B. napus. B. campestris, B. juncea and the clearly later species, B. oleracea var 'alboglabra' and B. carinata, seem to be almost equally effective in introgressing the appropriate earliness necessary for growth in Bangladesh. One backcross sligthly delayed segregation of early types. Convergent crosses did not result in the transgression of earliness, which was unexpected since the inheritance of flowering and maturity indicated a polygenic regulation. This result is partly explained by assuming dominant oligogenic control of the photoperiodic response. Introgression of earliness with the C genome doesn't seem to be necessarily related with the earliness of the donor species. Intergenomic interactions may be important. Interesting new lines were selected with high yield. Thus there is a good probability that Bangladesh will have a new oil crop. As these lines were observed to be early in Sweden as well, they could potentially push rapseed cultivation further north in temperate regions where the growing period is limited by short summers.
在含油的芸薹属作物中，油菜具有最高的种子和油产量。由于它是一种适应温带地区的物种，其春型在短日照的亚热带冬季（拉比）无法开花或开花过晚。油菜（基因组 AACC）是芸薹属（AA）和甘蓝型油菜（CC）之间的异源四倍体，与其他异源四倍体芥菜型油菜（AABB）和黑芥（BBCC）共享一个基因组。虽然油菜缺乏适应亚热带的生态型，但其他四个物种在这个气候带中都有很好的代表。已经进行了与油菜的正反交，或带有一次直接回交，以转移短日照适应性。目的是将精心挑选的早代芸薹属和芥菜型油菜的 A 基因组与油菜的相应基因组进行基因渗入，类似地，将甘蓝型油菜和黑芥的 C 基因组与油菜的相应基因组进行基因渗入。芸薹属、芥菜型油菜和明显较晚的物种，即白菜型油菜白化变种和黑芥，似乎在将孟加拉国生长所需的适当早熟性基因渗入方面几乎同样有效。一次回交略微延迟了早期类型的分离。趋同杂交并没有导致早熟性的跨越，这是出乎意料的，因为开花和成熟的遗传表明是多基因调控。这一结果部分可以通过假设光周期反应的显性寡基因控制来解释。用 C 基因组进行早熟性基因渗入似乎不一定与供体物种的早熟性有关。种间相互作用可能很重要。选择了具有高产的有趣新系。因此，孟加拉国有很好的机会获得一种新的油料作物。由于这些系在瑞典也被观察到是早熟的，它们有可能将油菜种植进一步推向温带地区，在那里，生长季节由于夏季短暂而受到限制。
